Heart Failure, Angina, Antidysrhythmics, Antilipemics

What ejection fraction is HFrEF

<40% ejected from ventricle

What ejection fraction is HFpEP?

Greater or equal to 50 %

What are 4 indications/therapeutic effects of sodium glucose transport inhibitors (SGLT2 (i))?

1. Decrease glucose in the urine

2. Naturesis

3. Anti-inflammatory

4. Cardio protective

MOA of SGLT 2 inhibitors?

Blocks SGLT 2 protein that is responsible for reabsorbing about 90% of filtered glucose and lots of sodium back into the bloodstream. This remains in the renal tubule leading to glucose and sodium excretion

What are the two main SGLT2 drugs for HF?

1. Dapaglifozin

2. Empagliflozin

What is preload?

Pressure of final filling of ventricle

What is after load?

Force the heart has to push against

In heart failure, what is happening to after load and O2 demand?

1. After load: Increases

2. O2 demand: Increases

What type of heart disease identifies with myocardial injury reducing contractile reserve?

Ischemic heart disease

What condition identifies with chronic pressure load driving hypertrophy and remodeling?

Hypertension

What diseases identifie with muscle or valve dysfunction and impairs forward blood flow?

Cardiomyopathies and vavular diseases

What two major systems does the RAAS system activate?

1. RAAS

2. Sympathetic drive

What raises afterload?

Vasoconstriction

What raises preload?

Sodium retention