Protists

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Last updated 6:32 PM on 10/7/26
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13 Terms

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What are protists 

They are eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi 

Some protists are closer to plants, animals, or fungi than other protists 

They're not monophyletic: are paraphyletic

 Supergroups: Excavata, SAR clade, Unikonta, Archaeplastida

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Excavata 

  • Euglena (discobans)

  • Trypanosoma (discobans): causes T Brucei and T Cruz

  • Giardia 


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Euglena 

  • Heterotroph and autotroph 

  • Harmless 

  • Photosynthetic because of secondary symbiosis from green algae


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Heterotroph and autotroph&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Harmless&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Photosynthetic because of secondary symbiosis&nbsp;from green algae</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Trypanosoma

  • Parasitic 

  • Found in red blood cells 


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Parasitic&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Found in red blood cells&nbsp;</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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T brucei 

Causes sleeping sickness transmitted by the tsetse fly 

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T cruz 

Causes Chagas disease and is transmitted by the cone-nosed bug 



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Giardia 

Parasitic excavate  found in feces-contaminated water, food, or surfaces 

  • Causes giardia sickness 

  • Has distinctive twin nuclei 

  • subgroup: diplomonads


<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Parasitic excavate&nbsp; found in feces-contaminated water, food, or surfaces&nbsp;</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Causes giardia sickness&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Has distinctive twin nuclei&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p>subgroup: diplomonads</p></li></ul><p></p>
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SAR clade 

  • Stramenopila 

  • Alveolata 

  • Rhizaria 


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Stramenopila 

  • Includes diatoms, brown algae, giant seaweeds

  • Diatoms: make up 25% of carbon on Earth, provide atmospheric oxygen, are a food source for larger organisms, and have flagella hair. Silicone dioxide. Secondary symbiosis of red algae


<ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Includes diatoms, brown algae, giant seaweeds</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Diatoms: make up 25% of carbon on Earth, provide atmospheric oxygen, are a food source for larger organisms, and have flagella hair. Silicone dioxide. Secondary symbiosis of red algae </span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Aveolata 

Contains sac like vesicles called aveoli 

  • Dinoflagellates: 2 perpendicular flagella, most have cellulose plates, some cause rred tide, and some are bioluminescent 

  • Stentor and paramecium 

  • Exhibits taxis = directional response to stimulus


<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Contains sac like vesicles called aveoli&nbsp;</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Dinoflagellates: 2 perpendicular flagella, most have cellulose plates, some cause rred tide, and some are bioluminescent&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Stentor and paramecium&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Exhibits taxis = directional response to stimulus</span></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Rhizaria 

Planktonic marine eukaryotes 

  • Most are non-photosynthetic 

  • Foraminifera, radiolarians

  • Many form symbiotic relationships wth photosynthetic algae

  • Many have axopodia (narrow pseudopodia) 



<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Planktonic marine eukaryotes&nbsp;</span></p><ul><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Most are non-photosynthetic&nbsp;</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Foraminifera, radiolarians</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Many form symbiotic relationships wth photosynthetic algae</span></p></li><li><p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Many have axopodia (narrow pseudopodia)&nbsp;</span></p></li></ul><p><br></p>
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Unikonta

  • amoebozoans

  • include amoebas: feeding using photosynthesis, locomotion via cytoplasmic streaming, and forming pseudopods (false feet) for prey

  • includes phylum mycetozoa - slime molds: once classified as fungi


<ul><li><p>amoebozoans </p></li><li><p>include amoebas: feeding using photosynthesis, locomotion via cytoplasmic streaming, and forming pseudopods (false feet) for prey</p></li><li><p>includes phylum mycetozoa - slime molds: once classified as fungi</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Archeaplastida

Contains plastids, which are photosynthetic organelles that originated from engulfed cyanobacteria(primary symbiosis) → chloroplast

  • Includes green algae and red algae


<p>Contains plastids, which are photosynthetic organelles that originated from engulfed cyanobacteria(primary symbiosis) → chloroplast</p><ul><li><p>Includes green algae and red algae</p></li></ul><p></p>