Hebrews & Phoenicians 20-21

Origins (Hebrews)

• 2000 BCE: Abraham (Father of the Hebrews) moved from Mesopotamia to Canaan with his followers

  • Cultural crossroads

    • Trade between Egypt and Mesopotamia

Origins (continued) (Hebrews)

• 1st Covenant

  • God promised to favor Abraham’s descendants

  • People devote themselves to God

• Monotheism

  • Belief in one god

Exodus (Hebrews)

• 1600 BCE: According to religious texts, Hebrews move to Egypt & are eventually made slaves

• 1200 BCE: Moses leads the Hebrews out of Egypt and back to Canaan

  • Exodus = Departure

The Ten Commandments (Hebrews)

• Mount Sinai

  • God gave Moses the 10 Commandments

  • Laws & Expectations for the Hebrews

Kingdom of Israel (Hebrews)

1st King of Israel: Saul

• Unites the Israelite tribes

2nd King of Israel: David

• Created a central govt.

• Build Jerusalem (capital)

Kingdom of Israel (continued) (Hebrews)

3rd King of Israel: Solomon

• Built Solomon’s Temple: Housed the Ark of the Covenant (10 Commandments)

Judaism Basic Beliefs (Hebrews)

• Monotheistic: Belief in one god

• Holy Book: Torah

• Moral law: 10 Commandments

• Founder: Abraham

• Other notable Leaders: Moses, David, Solomon

• Final Goal: Obey the new covenant with a moral life.

PHOENICIANS Geography

Located around the Mediterranean Sea

Carthage: Most powerful city-state (trading center)

PHOENICIANS Religion

• Polytheistic- believing in many gods or goddesses 

PHOENICIANS Achievements

Purple dye

Ships

Alphabet

PHOENICIANS Political

• City-States- area made up of many cities that acted independently from one another, like small countries!

PHOENICIANS Economy

Control of most of the Mediterranean sea

Trade empire

PHOENICIANS Society

king

social class

middle class (farmers, fishermen, craftsmen, merchants)

working class (servants, slaves)