the coordinates of a place using latitude and longitude
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accessibility
the ability to reach a place with respect to another place
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agricultural density
the number of farmers per unit of farmland
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arithmetic density
the total number of objects in an area
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cartography
the science of map-making
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choropleth map
a thematic map using shading to show a pattern of a variable (the darker the shading, the higher the concentration of the variable)
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concentration
the extent of a feature's spread over space
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connectivity
relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space
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contagious diffusion
the rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population
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core-periphery
central, wealthy, technologically advanced countries vs. less-developed, poor, and dependant countries
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cultural ecology
the geographic study of human-environment relationships
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cultural landscape
forms superimposed on the physical environment by humans
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density
the frequency with which something occurs in space
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diffusion
the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time
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distance decay
contact diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears
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distribution
the arrangement of a feature in space
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environmental determinism
the theory that the physical environment causes social development
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equator
the parallel with the largest circumference and the place with 12 hours of daylight (0 degrees latitude)
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Eratosthenes
created the word geography, accepted the Earth is sperical, calculated its circumference, and created a map of the Earth dividing it into climatic regions
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expansion diffusion
the pread of a feature from one place to another in a snowballing process
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formal region
an area within which everyone shares in a common one or more distinctive characteristics
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functional region
an area organized around a node or central point
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GIS
a computer system that can capture, store, query, analyze, and display geographic data
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globalization
a force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope
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GPS
a system that accurately determines the precise position of something on Earth
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Greenwich Mean Time
the master reference time for all points on Earth; the time at the prime meridian
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hearth
the place from which an innovation originates
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hierarchical diffusion
the spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority to other persons or places
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human geography
the study of where and why human activities are located where they are
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International Date Line
a line following the 180 degree latitude line where when you cross it going west, you set the clock forward by 24 hours
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isoline map
a thematic map with continuous lines joining points of the same value
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Land Ordinance Act of 1785
divided the West into townships and ranges to help with the buying and selling of land
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latitude
the numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel
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location
the position that something occupies on Earth's surface
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longitude
a numbering system used to locate each meridian on Earth's surface
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map
a two-dimensional or flat-scale model of Earth's surface, or a portion of it
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mental map
an internal representation of a portion of Earth's surface
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Mercator projection
rectangular-shaped maps with little shape and direction distortion, but a lot of size distortion
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meridian
an arc drawnbetween the North and South poles
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pattern
the geometric arrangement of objects in space
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physiological density
the number of persons per unit of land suitable for agriculture
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possibilism
theory that the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment
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prime meridian
the meridian that is 0 degrees longitude
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principle meridian
the north-south lines seperating townships
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projection
the scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surface to a flat map
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Ptolemy
an ancient Greek who wrote Guide to Geography and made many maps
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reference map
help people find and identify physical and/or political features
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region
an area of Earth distinguished by a distinctive combination of physical and cultural traits
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relative location
lets us find unfamiliar locations by comparing them to familiar ones
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remote sensing
the acquisition of data about Earth's surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or other long-distance methods
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Robinson projection
maps that are useful for displaying information across the oceans, but land areas are smaller than on interrupted maps of the same size
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scale
refers to the relationship of a feature's size on a map compared to its actual size on Earth
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sense of place
a feeling for the features that contribute to the distinctiveness of a particular spot on Earth
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sequent occupance
the notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape
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site
the physical character of a place
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situation
the location of a place relative to other places
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space-time compression
the reduction in time it takes for something to reach another place
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spatial
depending on the scale, different spatial assumptions can be made
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stimulus diffusion
the spread of an underlying principle, even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse
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thematic map
shows how a particular feature is distributed over an area
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Tobler's First Law of Geography
everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than far things
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toponym
the name given to a place on Earth
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vernacular region
a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
Studied by 38 people
Note 
Flashcard (42)