ovarian review game

this tumor is almost always malignant, mullerian duct origin, and associated with endometriosis

clear cell tumor

if you are scanning a patient with suspected ovarian torsion and see arterial flow, you can confirm no torsion

false

what is a corpus luteum cyst

dominant follicle that has released an oocyte, secretes progesterone

what is ovarian remnant syndrome and how can it affect the patient

patient with bilateral oophorectomy, residual ovarian tissue left behind, tissue becomes functional and can produce pathology

define endometriosis

presence of functioning endometrial tissue outside the uterus

what are 3 common locations for endometriosis

ovaries, fallopian tubes, pelvic ligaments

which cyst is not influence by hormones

paraovarian cysts

what are the two types of endometriosis

diffuse and localized

is diffuse or localize endometriosis easier to detect on US

localized (endometrioma)

what is the normal diameter for postmenopausal ovarian cysts

<3 cm

when would surgery be required for postmenopausal ovarian cysts

>5 cm, septations, solid components

what group of cysts is the most common reason for ovarian enlargement

functional cysts

what types of cysts fall into the category of functional

follicular, corpus luteum, theca lutein, hemorrhagic

what type of functional cyst is the largest

theca lutein

what type of functional cyst fails of ovulate or fails to regress after ovulation

follicular

what two types of functional cysts could mimic an ectopic pregnancy

corpus luteum and hemorrhagic

what is PCOS

endocrinologic disorder = chronic anovulation, imbalance of LH and FSH

what are 3 clinical symptoms for PCOS

obesity, infertility, chronic pregnancy loss

what type of metastatic tumor affects the ovaries and originates from gastric carcinoma

krukenberg tumor

what is the sonographic appearance of PCOS

increased follicles, bilaterally enlarged and rounded ovaries, “string of pearls”

what two ovarian neoplasms are estrogen producing and are typically found in postmenopausal women

thecoma and granulosas

why is ovarian CA called the silent killer

60-70% of all cases are at least stage 3 before they are discovered

a patient with a fibrous tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion, has what syndrome

meigs syndrome

what is the most common ovarian neoplasm

cystic teratoma (dermoid)

what condition has symptoms described with the 4 “Ds” and what are the 4 “Ds”

endometriosis; dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dysuria, dyschezia

what has research shown regarding the connection between oral contraceptives and ovarian CA

they reduce the risk of CA

what type 2 ovarian tumor can show an increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein

immature teratoma and yolk sac

a cystic teratoma (dermoid) is made of what type of cells/tissue

primordial germ cells; endoderm, ectoderm, mesoderm

a “dermoid mesh” contains mostly what material

hair and sebum

a large cystic mass with multilocular cystic spaces that can measure up to 30 cm in size, and in some rare cases, can weigh over 100 lbs is known by what term

mucinous cystadenoma

what 4 things is a theca lutein cyst associated with

high levels of hCG, gestational trophoblastic disease, infertility, multiple gestations