chapter five ~ theories of motivation at work

hrm360 - fall 2026

Job performance includes…

Citizenship, Counter-productiveness, and Task/Job performance

Performance =

Motivation x Ability x Environment

Motivation

The desire to achieve a goal or a certain performance level, leading to a goal-directed behavior.

ex. Do I want to do the task?

Ability

Having the skills and knowledge required to perform the job.

ex. Can I do it?

Environment

The resources, information, and support one needs to perform well.

ex. Do I have the right resources?

Intrinsic Motivation

Pursuing an activity because it is inherently enjoyable and absent of apparent rewards.

Extrinsic Motivation

Performing an activity because it is related to desirable outcomes such as financial rewards, status, or approval from others.

The 3 Categories of Motivation Theories

Needs-based, Process-based, and Learning.

Needs-based (Motivation Theory)

Motivation through needs.

ex. Money for rent.

Process-based (Motivation Theory)

Motivation through evaluations.

ex. Whether something is worth it or not, is fair or unfair.

Learning (Motivation Theory)

Motivation that is learned.

ex. Being reprimanded after arriving late to work.