topic area 3

What are the different ways to collect data?

Focus groups, surveys, interviews, observations and public data basis, journals and articles.

What is an advantage of focus groups?

Useful in understanding and explaining what individuals feel and believe.

What is a disadvantage of focus groups?

People may not always want to attend or be able to get there.

What is an advantage of surveys?

They are easy to fill in and are mostly not time consuming.

What is a disadvantage of surveys?

Some older people may not know how to use technology and not be able to fill them in

What is an advantage of interviews?

They are face to face so people are able to ask more questions if they are confused.

What is a disadvantage of interviews?

Some people may have mobility issues so may not be able to attend them.

What is an advantage of observations?

They are factual information if done correctly.

What is a disadvantage of observations?

They might have been recorded wrong so there could be a misdiagnosis.

What is an advantage of public data basis, journals and articles?

They are factual information and easy to find.

What is a disadvantage of public data basis, journals and articles?

The information may not be up-to-date.

When was the NHS founded?

July 5th 1948.

Why is personal information collected and stored?

So anyone who cares for a patient can see when observations were last recorded and any medical history can be looked at for future care.

What is an advantage of personal data being collected and stored?

Allows individuals to access their own files on the NHS app.

Allows doctors to see important information about their patient.

What is a disadvantage of personal information being collected and stored?

Data breaches.

Wi-Fi/ internet not working.

Why is it important to protect personal information?

Prevents misuse or unauthorised access.

Builds trust between users and organisations.

Ensures data is handled legally.

What are the 7 key principles of GDPR?

Lawfulness, fairness and transparency.

Purpose limitation.

Data minimisation.

Accuracy.

Integrity and confidentiality.

Accountability.

What does longitudinal mean?

Someone who is in care for a longer period of time.

What are the 7 rights?

Right to be informed.

Right of access.

Right to rectification.

Right to erase.

Right to restrict processing.

Right to data portability.

Right to object rights related to automated decision making.

What is the right to be informed?

Must be told that data is being recorded.

What is the right of access?

Must be allowed to see the data being held.

What is the right to rectification?

Inaccurate information must be corrected.

What is the right to erase?

Can request the deletion of data.

What is the right to restrict processing?

Can request that data is not used.

What is the right to data portability?

Can request data is transferred to other organisations.

What is the right to object rights related to automated decision making?

Can stop their data being used.

What is the Caldicott principle?

1) justify the purpose of using confidential information.

2) use confidential information only when necessary.

3) access to confidential information should be on a need to know basis.

4) everyone with access to confidential information should be aware of their responsibilities.

5) comply with the law.

6) the duty to share information for individual care is as important as the duty to protect patient confidentiality.

7) inform patients and service users how their personal information is used.

What is the information required when obtaining a clients history?

Name.

Date of birth.

NHS or hospital no.

Drug history.

Allergies.

Family history.

Social history.

Why are care plans important?

They ensure the care is personalised to meet the individuals needs.

Help communication between patients and health care professionals.

What goes into a care plan?

Needs and goal.

Services and logistics.

Personal and medical information.

Safety and reviews.

What is a care plan?

A formal, written document that outlines a persons specific health and social needs, the daily support they require and their personal goals.

Why is reviewing a care plan important?

Essential to adapt to changing health needs, maintain personal safety, and ensure care remains effective.

What does PRN mean?

Pro Re Nata (taken as needed)

What does MAR mean?

Medical/ medicines administration record.

What does DNAR mean?

Do not attempt resuscitation.

What does BP mean?

Blood pressure.

What does DNR mean?

Do not resuscitate.

What does MUST mean?

Malnutrition universal screening tool.

What does NEWS 2 mean?

National early warning score.

What does PEWS mean?

Paediatric early warning score.

What does DNACPR mean?

Do not attempt CPR.

What are the roles and responsibilities of an employee?

• ensure all records are contemporaneous, accurate and factual.

• Ensure all records are kept securely and be confident about using the systems.

• Avoid using unprotected devices or discussing in public.

• Avoid using abbreviations.

• Follow legal and organisational standards.

What are the roles and responsibilities on an employer?

• ensure staff are trained and competent.

• Maintain systems.

• Monitor compliance through audits and inspectors.

What is an audit?

Clinical audit is a way to find if healthcare is being provided in line with standards and lets care providers and patients know where their service is doing well, and where there could be improvements.

What doe accountability mean?

Being responsible for your actions and inactions.

What is the duty of care?

A legal or moral obligation to take reasonable care to avoid acts or omissions that could foreseeably harm other people.

What is the duty of candour?

the professional and legal obligation for healthcare providers and professionals to be completely open, honest, and transparent with patients (or their families and carers) when something goes wrong with their care or treatment.

What are some safeguarding concerns?

• neglect

• Bruising

• Financial struggle

• Someone acting different than usual

• Unsafe living environment

• Self harm

• Statutory rape

• Abuse (domestic / sexual / emotional / verbal / financial / physical)

• Family member / friend not letting the patient speak for themselves

What safeguarding procedure do employees and employers need to follow?

If someone has mentioned to you or you suspect someone has a safeguarding concern, you have a duty of care to escalate it to the nurse in charge / safeguarding officer.

What is whistleblowing?

Whistleblowing in care is when a worker reports serious wrongdoings, risks or unsafe practices that affect vulnerable people, such as abuse, neglect or broken laws.

What is radicalisation?

The process where a vulnerable person i groomed or manipulated to adapt.