Praxis 5155 Math/Science

Triangular Prism

Triangular bases. 5 faces, 9 edges, and 6 vertices.

Rectangular Prism

A solid shape that has: 6 faces (4 rectangles & 2 squares), 8 vertices (corners), and 12 equal edges.

Triangular Pyramid

A pyramid in which all 4 faces are triangles and has 1 vertex

Rectangular Pyramid

Rectangular base and triangular sides that meet at a common vertex

Line of Symmetry

a line that divides a figure into two halves that are mirror images of each other

Area

Length x Width

Perimeter

The distance around a figure

Average

returns the average (arithmetic means) of its arguments

Pitch

How high or low a sound is

Frequency

How many wave peaks pass a certain point per given time (Wave Property)

Speed

Distance/time

Amplitude

For a wave or vibration, the maximum displacement on either side of the equilibrium (midpoint) position.

Intensity

The brightness of a light.

Chloroplasts

A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.

Mitochondria

An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.

Ribosomes

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized (produced)

Vacuoles

Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates

Igneous Rock

a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface

Metamorphic Rock

A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

Sedimentary Rock

A type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together

Gravitational Potential Energy

Potential energy that depends on the height of an object

Energy stored by objects due to their position above Earth's surface.

Recessive Traits

traits that typically do not show in a person unless both genes for the trait are inherited....

Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person. For example, a dark-haired person may have one gene for dark hair, which is a dominant trait, and one gene for light hair, which is recessive.

Genotypes

genetic makeup of an organism

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Boundary between tectonic plates in which the two plates move away from each other, and new crust is created between them

Metric Ruler

a tool used to measure the length of an object

Triple-beam Balance

a tool, with a single pan and three bars calibrated in grams, used to measure mass

Volumetric Flask

Holds a specific amount of liquid; e.g. 100 mL

Micrometer

A gauge which measures small distances or thicknesses.

Protons

Positively charged particles

Neutrons

the particles of the nucleus that have no charge

Atomic Mass

Number of protons and neutrons

Biological Molecules

any molecule produced by living organisms; includes four macromolecules: protein, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids

Carbohydrates

Broken down to glucose to provide energy.

"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"

Lipids

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Deoxyribonucleic Acids

DNA stands for

Proteins

Chains of amino acids

Antibiotics

Drugs that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria

Biodiversity

The amount of biological or living diversity per unit area. It includes the concepts of species diversity, habitat diversity and genetic diversity.

Copernicus's Theory

Earth travels around sun

Natural Gas

A fossil fuel in the gaseous state. Produces greenhouse gasses when burned.

Sexual Reproduction

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Ecological Succession

gradual change in living communities that follows a disturbance

Evolutionary Adaption

a population's increase in the frequency of traits suited to the environment

Balance Chemical Equations

An equation is written and balances on each side of the arrow so that each element is the same. Ex.

6CO2+6H2O ---> C6H12O6 + 6O2

First to emerge from a germinating seed...

Root

Humid Day = Less comfortable

Because of evaporation of water from the skin

Snow

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals. Forms when water vapor changes directly from a gas to a solid in atmosphere