anatomy lab exam 5 cardiac cycle

Cardiac Output 

the amount of blood pumped out of a ventricle in one minute

stroke volume

the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle per beat

End-Systolic volume 

the volume of blood remaining in the ventricles after the reaction

The number of times that the heart beats per minute

heart rate

End-Diastolic Volume 

the amount of blood that collects in the ventricles during diastole

correct formula for cardiac output (CO)

CO = Stroke Volume x HR

This phase involves the ventricles being relaxed and blood being unable to enter the ventricles as the AV valves are closed.

isovolumetric relaxation

This phase involves the opening of the semilunar valves and involves blood rushing from the ventricles and into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.

ventricular ejection

This phase begins when the ventricles contract following ventricular depolarization and involves the AV valves closing and the pressure in the ventricles increasing until the pressure exceeds the pressure keeping the semilunar valves closed.

isovolumetric contraction

This phase involves blood initially flows through the atria into the ventricles passively. When the atria begin contracting, the remaining blood in the atria is pushed through the atrioventricular (AV) valves into the ventricles.

ventricular filling

the phase of the cardiac cycle where the atrioventricular valves are open

Ventricular filling 

Following ventricular filling, put the phases of the Cardiac Cycle in the correct order

Ventricular filling -->_______ —> ventricular ejection _____ —>ventricular filling

Isovolumetric contraction, Isovolumetric relaxation

Which heart sound is associated with the closure of the atrioventricular (AV) valves?

Lub

Identify the correct way to report blood pressure from the describe scenario: A patient's sphygmometer reads 160 mmHg for the first pressure gauge twitch (1st reading) and 100 mmHg for the last pressure gauge twitch (Last reading). The patient's pulse rate is 180 bpm. 

160/100 mmHg

When examining changes in blood pressure due to immediate effects of exercises, select the correct changes to systolic/diastolic pressures and pulse pressure.

Systolic/Diastolic increase immediately after exercise

Pulse pressure increases immediately after exercise 

After breathing into a paper bag

increase compared to resting

In the process of rising from a seated position _____and later after having been standing for a few seconds_____

decrease compared to resting, increase compared to resting

After physical exertion

increase compared to resting

after being startled

increase compared to resting

Ventricular (passive) filling: Atria______   Ventricles_______   AV valve state______ Semilunar valve state_______

relaxed, relaxed, open, closed

Isovolumetric contraction: Atria-______ Ventricles-_______ , no blood movement    AV valve state _______ Semilunar valve state - _______

relaxed, contracted, closed, closed

Ventricular ejection: Atria-______ Ventricles-_______ AV valve state_____      Semilunar valve state-_______

relaxed, contracted, closed, open

Isovolumetric relaxation: Atria_______ Ventricles________ , no blood movement    AV valve state ________Semilunar valve state - _______

relaxed, relaxed, closed, closed

Systole

contraction

diastole

relaxation

Pulse pressure systolic

systolic — diastolic blood pressure

passive filling

Atrial pressure > ventricular pressure

Forces AV valves open • Blood flows passively from atria into ventricles

Atrial contraction

• Completes filling of the ventricles

• Ventricular diastole ends

• EDV (end-diastolic volume)

• (or the amount of blood that was collected in the ventricles while they were relaxed)

Systole of ventricles begins

Contraction • Ventricular pressure increases • AV valves close

Ventricular pressure continues to rise

Ventricular pressure > great vessel pressure

SL valves open

Blood ejected

Diastole

• Ventricles relax

• Pressure in ventricles decreases

• SL valves close • ESV (end-systolic volume)

• (or, blood remaining in ventricles following ventricular contraction)

Lub (S1)

AV valves closing ● Loud and resonant sound (dull)

Dub (S2)

Semilunar valves closing

● Short, snapping sound (high-pitched)

Auscultation

to listen

Measuring Heart Rate (bpm)

Palpate the patient’s artery

• Use your fingertips, NOT your thumb!

• Count the number of beats for 15 seconds

• Multiply by 4