Islam World Religion Honors

Hajj

The annual Islamic pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca, which every adult Muslim is expected to complete at least once in their life if physically and financially capable.

Caliph

A supreme political and religious leader in an Islamic state, regarded as a successor to the Prophet Muhammad.

Hijra

The migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the beginning of the Islamic lunar calendar.

Jihad

An Arabic term meaning 'striving' or 'struggling', which refers to a believer's internal spiritual effort to practice faith and virtue, as well as the external defense of the community.

Mosque

A place of worship, communal prayer, and assembly for followers of the Islamic faith.

Qur’an

The holy book of Islam, believed to be the word of God as revealed to the Prophet Muhammad. It is written in Arabic and is divided into chapters called surahs.

Shahada

The Islamic declaration of faith, professing the oneness of God and the prophethood of Muhammad. It is the first of the Five Pillars of Islam.

Shari’ah

The moral and legal code of Islam, derived from the Qur’an and Hadith, guiding all aspects of a Muslim's life.

Sunna

The practices and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad, which serve as a guide for Muslims in addition to the Qur’an. The Sunna complements Shari'ah and is an important source of Islamic law.

Hadiths

The recorded sayings and actions of the Prophet Muhammad, which serve as a source of guidance for Muslims alongside the Qur'an.

Umma

The collective community of Muslims worldwide, united by their shared faith and values.

The first pillar of Islam

Also known as the Shahada, it is the declaration that translates to “I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of God”. It has two parts: the Tawhid, which asserts the absolute oneness of God and that He alone is worthy of worship, and the Prophethood, which affirms that Muhammad is the final messenger and prophet of God. It is recited in the daily call to prayer and incorporated into regular worship, as it lays the foundation of the Islamic faith and is a requirement to recite it in order to convert.

Literally means reading or recitation

The Qur’an

Arabic word for exertion or struggle

jihad

The divine law, derived from the Qur’an and the Sunna, encompassing all and setting forth in detail how Muslims are to live.

Shari’ah

The community of all Muslims

Umma

Muslim place of worship

Mosque

Religion is deeply rooted in biblical traditions, honoring many figures in the Hebrew Bible as well as Jesus. Played a crucial role in shaping Western culture during the Middle Ages.

Islam

Stories of the life of Muhammad in Islam.

The Hadiths

One of Islam’s greatest prophets, who was born of a virgin, preached and performed miracles, and was miraculously saved by God and ascended into heaven.

Jesus/ Isa

Considered Islam’s holiest site

The Ka’bah in Mecca

Muslims believe this leads to sin

forgetfulness

What proportion of their possessions’ value are Muslims required to contribute to a public treasury

2.5%

Who was the father of the Islamic faith

Abraham

What does the term Islam mean

Submission/ Peace

What does the term Muslim mean

One who submits

Who is the central human figure in Islam

Muhammad

The pilgrimage to Mecca that all Muslims are to make at least once in their lifetime.

Hajj

The military and political leaders of the Muslim community who succeeded Muhammad after his death

The Caliphs

How many times do Muslims pray a day?

Five

Who was the leader of the Shia side of Islam after the death of Muhammad

Ali

Who is the leader of the Sunni side of Islam after the death of Muhammad

Abu Bakr

The second pillar of Islam

Salah, obligatory ritual daily prayer performed five times a day, including the Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha

The third pillar of Islam

Zakat, obligatory almsgiving, to give or to grow,give about 2.5% of surplus wealth to charity.

The fourth pillar of Islam

Sawm, fasting during Ramadan, abstain from food and drink from sunrise to sunset

The fifth pillar of Islam

Hajj, pilgrimage to Mecca

Sunni Islam

People of the tradition

majority of the Islamic population

believe the leader should be chosen by community consensus

supported Abu Bakr as the first Caliph

Shia Islam

Believe in the Imamah, which is a line of leaders starting from Ali

Rely on Hadith literature connected to the prophet’s family

minority of islamic population

Similarities between Islam, Christianity, and Judiasm

monotheistic

Abrahamic Lineage

Shared prophets and figures ( jesus, Abraham, Moses, etc)

Communication with God through Scripture

Emphasis on moral and ethical values

Day of judgement/ after life

Practices and devotion ( prayer, fasting, charity, etc)

Differences between Islam, Judaism, and Christianity

Judaism - centered on God’s covenant with the children of Israel, anchored in the Tanakh and Torah

Christianity - centered on the teachings, life, and death of Jesus Christ; scripture is found in the Bible

Islam - focused on teh revelations of the prophet Muhammad, holy text is found in the Qur’an