Intercultural Communication and Cultural Dimensions

Flashcards covering Face Negotiation Theory, Cultural Intelligence (CQ), Hofstede's cultural dimensions, Edward T. Hall's communication models, stereotypes, ethnocentrism, and Tajfel's collective self-esteem.

What is the primary purpose of Face Negotiation Theory, developed by Stella Ting-Toomey?

It is a theory that explains the importance of face within interpersonal interactions.

What are the three types of face identified in Stella Ting-Toomey's Face Negotiation Theory?

Self-face (presentation of self), other-face (helping maintain a friend's presentation of self), and mutual-face (attending to both self and other face).

According to Stella Ting-Toomey, under what condition does face control become more challenging?

Face control is more challenging in stressful situations.

How does an individualistic culture differ from a collectivistic culture regarding facework?

Individualists engage in more self-facework, whereas collectivists prioritize group or other-facework.

What is Cultural Intelligence (CQ)?

The degree to which an individual is capable of communicating competently in varying cultural situations.

What are Cognitive CQ and Motivational CQ?

Cognitive CQ is the amount of knowledge and facts one has about a different culture; Motivational CQ is the key driver representing how much one wants to learn and experience another culture.

What are Metacognitive CQ and Behavioral CQ?

Metacognitive CQ is being consciously aware when interacting with another culture and learning from it; Behavioral CQ is the ability to behave and practice according to what is known.

What three elements constitute cultural mindfulness?

Attention (being aware), Intention (what one is trying to get out of the interaction), and Attitude (recognizing there are other ways to do things).

What foundational premise regarding communication was established by Edward T. Hall?

"Culture is communication and communication is culture," meaning different cultures approach relationships and communicative meaning differently.

How do Low-Context and High-Context communication differ?

Low-Context communication is based primarily on verbal messages, while High-Context communication relies predominantly on nonverbal messages.

How does Geert Hofstede define Power Distance?

The degree to which people and organizations with less power within a culture accept and expect that power is unequally distributed.

How do emotional responses differ between High Power distance and Low Power distance cultures?

High Power distance is associated with feeling stress or strain, whereas Low Power distance is associated with feeling reserved or shy.

In Hofstede's dimensions, how do Individualism and Collectivism differ?

Individualism is self-focused and centers on individual needs, while Collectivism values helping others and prioritizes the group's needs.

How are Masculine and Feminine cultural orientations distinguished?

Masculine orientations focus on earnings, recognition, advancement, challenge, and task completion; Feminine orientations focus on cooperation, security, and establishing good working relationships with managers and coworkers.

What is Uncertainty Avoidance, and how do high versus low cultures respond to it?

The extent to which cultures are fearful of ambiguous and unknown situations; high uncertainty avoidance cultures feel threatened by uncertainty, while low uncertainty avoidance cultures are not bothered by it.

What distinguishes Long-term Cultural Orientation from Short-term Cultural Orientation?

Long-term orientation focuses on the future rather than the present or past; Short-term orientation focuses on preserving the past and being in the present, with only a slight focus on the future.

How do Indulgence and Restraint differ as cultural dimensions?

Indulgent cultures alter societal norms to suit themselves without feeling held back; Restrained cultures view societal norms as strict rules and curb their behavior to comply.

What is the difference between a cultural stereotype and a personal stereotype?

A cultural stereotype consists of beliefs held by a cultural group about another social group; a personal stereotype consists of individual beliefs that are not shared across the person's cultural group.

What is meant by the concept of "normative" in intercultural communication?

The standard, unspoken rules people learn about how to act appropriately, which leads to the belief that one's own way is the "right way" and others' ways are wrong.

What is ethnocentrism?

The belief that one's own way of living is superior to others, leading to an urge to correct other people's behaviors; patriotism is considered part of ethnocentrism.

How do co-cultures differ from micro-cultures?

A co-culture is often absorbed into the larger culture and risks losing its original background (such as St. Patrick's Day), whereas a micro-culture is a local mini-culture (such as a family or organization) with its own distinct jargon.

What is collective self-esteem according to Henri Tajfel's theory?

The aspect of an individual's self-worth or self-image that stems from interactions with others and the evaluation of their various social groups.

What are Private collective esteem and Public collective esteem in Tajfel's theory?

Private collective esteem is how positively an individual evaluates their own group; Public collective esteem reflects the opinions and feelings that people outside the group hold toward it.

What are Membership esteem and Importance to identity within collective self-esteem?

Membership esteem evaluates whether one is a good member who works effectively in the group; Importance to identity measures how significant the group's impact is on an individual's sense of self.

According to Tajfel's framework, how do positive and negative group experiences influence communication?

A positive group experience leads an individual to talk about the group, whereas a negative experience causes them to refrain from discussing it.