Kevin's Pharm Exam 3 med Guide (antibacterial)

What drug(s)/drug classes are used to help with bacterial cell wall synthesis

Beta-Lactams, Aztrionams, and Glycopeptides

What drug(s) are classified as beta-lactams

Penicillin, Combos, Carbapenems, and clindamycin's

What drug(s) are classified as penicillins

Penicillin G, V, Amoxicillin

What drug(s) are classified as combo beta-lactams

Amoxicillin+clav, pipricillin+tazobactam, Ampicillin+sulbactam

What is the drug name "Augmentin" given to?

Amoxicillin + clav

What are the drug(s) under the class carbapenems?

ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem

What is a easy way to remember carbapenem drugs?

they all end in "penem"

What are the drug(s) in the class clinidmyocin

cefazolin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, and ceftaroline.

What drug(s) are considered to be generation 1 cephalosporins?

cefazolin and cephalexin

What is the other name for cephalexin?

keflex

What are the drug(s) classified as second gen cephalosporins

Cefuroxime

What are the drug(s) classified as 3rd gen cephalosporins

ceftriaxone and cefatazidime

What are the drug(s) classified as 4th gen cephalosporins

cefepime

What are the drug(s) classified as 5th gen cephalosporins?

ceftaroline

What are the drug(s) under the monobactams class

aztreonam

What are the drugs under the class of glycopeptides?

Vancomycin

What is used for streptococci and spirochetes

works on gram + bacteria

and is used for syphilis and other strep infections

Penicillin V and G

What is used for streptococci,

works on gram negative

limited by common bata-lactamases

and is used on respiratory/ENT infections

Amoxicillin

What is a common combo that works on anaerobic bacteria, MSSA, bite wounds, and gram + bacteria (strep, Enterococcus), H. influenza and M. catarrhalis

Augmentin

What is commonly used for broad IV coverage, pseudomonas, and many anaerobes. It is an IV version of another drug.

pipracillin + tazobactam and ampicillin + sulbactam

What is not used for pseudomonas, but works on gram +,-, and anaerobes

it is used for serious infections caused by ESBL-producing enterobacterales, polymicrobial infections, and often used for meropenem (bacterial meningitis)

Ertapenem

What is used for pseudomonas, gram +, -, anaerobes, and it is used for serious infections caused by ESBL-producing enterobacterales, polymicrobial infections, and often used for meropenem (bacterial meningitis)

imipenem and meropenem

What drug(s) are used for Gram + bacterium but have some spectrum of activity for gram -. It is able to target MSSA and strep

keflex and cefazolin

What is used for gram + and some gram - bacteria and can tackle influenza and E.coli

cefuroxime

What can be used for mostly gram + and some gram - but is considered to have the least gram + coverage between drugs that can cover e.coli, strep, MSSA, and influenza. It can cover pseudomonas.

It has more gram + coverage than ceftazidime, and covers bacterial meningitis, and community acquired infections.

Ceftriaxone

What can be used for mostly gram + and some gram - but is considered to have the least gram + coverage between drugs that can cover e.coli, strep, MSSA, and influenza. It can cover pseudomonas.

covers pseudomonas out of this generation of drugs in a certain class

ceftazidime

What is the drug that has broad gram + and - coverage in this class able to cover pseudomonas, streptococci, and MSSA

It is most helpful in hospital-acquired infections, febrile neutropenia, and without renal dose adjustments can cause neurotoxicity?

cefepime

What is the most gram - covering drug in this class that is able to cover MRSA. It is capable of tackling acute bacterial and structural skin infections.

Ceftaroline

What drug is the common go-to for those with a beta-lactam ax, while being able to cover only gram - aerobic bacteria. It is indicated in those with ceftazidime ax as well.

Aztreonam

What drug is able to tackle gram +, c.diff, and is able to cover MRSA but not as well as other drugs.

vancomycin

What drug(s)/class has the unfortunate adverse effect of GI issues/diarrhea, c.diff infections, and neurotoxicity (causing renal impairment and seizures)

cephalosporins, beta-lactams, carbapenems, and penicillins

What drug(s)/class are often associated with the adverse effects of infusion reactions (Red Man’s Syndrome), and nephrotoxicity

Vancomycin

What drug(s)/class are associated with disruption of cell-membrane synthesis?

Daptomycin

What drug commonly covers gram + bacteria and bloodstream diseases (capable of covering MRSA), endocarditis, osteopmyalitis, and cannot be used for pneumonia

Daptomycin

What drug(s)/class has the adverse effects of rabdolmyosis, myopathy, and requires a measure of creatine weekly.

Daptomycin

What drug(s)/classes tackle the bacterial DNA/Nucleic acid

Metronidazole and fluoroquinolones

What is the drug capable of taking on anaerobes, bacterial vaginosis, and intraabdominal infections? It is also contraindicated in warfarin use and not good to use against C.acnes

Metronidazole

What drug(s) are considered to be fluoroquinolones?

Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin?

What is the drug most associated with the foot punctures through rubber-soled shoes?

ciprofloxacin

What is the drug able to tackle pseudomonas aeriginosa, respiratory pathogens like strep, influenza, and moraxella, as well as GI infections.

Levofloxacin

What drug is capable of taking on anaerobes respiratory pathogens such as strep, H. influenza, and moraxella, but cannot tackle pseudomonas.

moxifloxacin

What drugs have the adverse effects of Gi issues, a metallic taste, and disulfram rxn with alcohol use

metronidazole

What drugs have the adverse reactions of insomnia, GI issues, CNS effects with peripheral neuropathy, tendonitis, tendon rupture, and myasthenia gravis (MG).

fluoroquinolones

What drug/classes work to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

macrolides, linosamides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, linezolids

What are the drugs associated with macrolides?

azithromycin and erythromycin

What is the common name used to refer to azithromycin?

zithromax/Z-PAK

What are the drugs associated with lincosamides?

clindamycin

What are the drugs associated with tetracyclines

tetracycline and doxycycline

What are the drugs associated with aminoglycosides?

gentamycin, tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin

What are the drugs associated with linezolindes?

linezolid

What are the drug(s)/classes associated with the blockage of folate synthesis?

Sulfamides

What are the drugs associated with sulfamides

Bactrum

What are the drugs associated with gram + and - bacteria, atypical respiratory infections like mycoplasm pneumonia, chlamydia pneumonia, and legionella

Azithromycin and Erythromycin

What are the drugs associated with gram + anaerobes, SSTIs by gram +, group A strep necrotizing fasciitis, and GBS prophylaxis in pts with penacillin ax

clindamycin

What drug(s) are associated with gram +, - atypical respiratory infections, lyme disease, and is contraindicated in pregnant pts and pts younger than 8 due to its effect on teeth and bones

tetracycline

What are the drug(s) associated with gram +, - atypical respiratory infections, lyme disease, and is good at tackling MRSA, RMSF, STIs, acne, and malaria

doxycycline

What drug(s) are associated with enterococcal endocarditis, aerobic gram - bacilli, and is useful for serious infections caused by those gram- bacilli?

gentamycin

What drug(s) are associated with aerobic gram - bacilli, and is useful for serious infections caused by those gram- bacilli?

tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin

What drug(s) are associated with only being able to tackle gram - bacteria, has 100% oral bioavailability, and requires CBC monitoring for thrombocytopenia.

linezolid

What Is the drug(s) associated with gram + s. aureus, MRSA, and gram - E.Coli, H. Influenza, UTIs, and SSTIs.

Bactrum

What is the drug(s) associated with the negative effects of QT prolongation (heart associated symptoms)

Azithromycin and erythromycin

What is the drug(s) associated with the negative effects of diarrhea and abx associated c.diff infections?

Clindamycin

What is the drug(s) associated with the negative effects of GI irritation, esophagitis, photosensitivity, and commonly effects teeth and bones.

tetracycline and doxycycline

What is the drug(s) associated with nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, and neuromuscular blockage?

Gentamycin, Tobramycin, amikacin, and streptomycin

What is the drug(s) associated with peripheral and optic neuropathy, myelosuppression, and serotonin syndrome

linezolid

What is the drug(s) associated with SJS/TENs, Hyperkalemia, and renal hematologic effects

Bactrum

they have thicker peptidoglycan layers with no outer lipid membrane

they release exotoxins

and are more susceptible to standard antibiotics due to their lack of outer membrane

What am I?

I am Gram +

I have a thin peptidoglycan layer with outer lipid membrane with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

I release endotoxins when the cell breaks down

and I am more resistant to antibiotics due to the outer membrane and LPS barrier

I am Gram -

What is staph aureus

Gram +

What gram is Group A strep

+

What gram is strep Pneumoniae

+

What gram is enterococcus faecalis

+

What gram is E. Coli

-

What gram is Klebsiella pneumonia

-

What gram is Pseudomonas aeruginosa

-

What gram is Haemophilus influenzae

-

What is Moraxella catarrhalis

-

What type of bacteria is Bacteroides fragilis

anaerobic

What is Clostridiodes difficile

anaerobic

What is Mycoplasma pneumoniae

atypical

What is Chlamydia pneumoniae

atypical

What is Legionella pneumophila

atypical