Personality

Tripartite Theory

Id, Superego, and Ego

Id

basic needs/drives (devil on the shoulder)

Superego

is “moral“ and strives for perfection (angel on shoulder)

Ego

balances Id/Superego impulses

Defense Mechanisms

coping mechanisms to ease anxiety

Rationalization

attempting to explain/create excuses for an event

Reaction Formation

id/ego/superego conflict and you react in a way that isn’t rational (liking someone who’s married and resenting them for being unavailable)

Regression

reverting to behaviors exhibited at a younger age

Repression

pushing emotions/trauma down instead of processing it

Sublimation

transforming negative anxiety into positive energy (channeling post-breakup energy into building furniture)

Denial

denial of feelings/previous actions to avoid damaged ego

Displacement

repressed feelings towards someone b/c of societal expectations

Intellectualization

being emotionally attached to an issue and intellectualizing it to cope (dissecting why someone is being harmful to you)

Projection

defending ego from an anxiety-inducing idea by projecting those ideas onto another person (making fun of people for crying when you are quick to cry)

Free Association

(Freud) the expression of the content of consciousness without censorship as an aid in gaining access to unconscious processes. (What do you see in this blot of ink?)

Dream Analysis Components

(Freud)

1\.) MANIFEST = obvious hopes present

2\.) LATENT = what do the hopes mean?

Projective Tests

ex. Rorschach Ink Blots

When the administrator “projects” their perspective onto the results.

Subject to discretion/individual interpretation.

Carl Jung

similar to Freud but emphasized spiritual, not sexual drives

Jungian Psychology

Personal vs. Collective Unconcious

Karen Horney

feminist psychology, womb envy, basic anxiety

Womb Envy

misogyny is caused by male jealousy over the female ability to create life.

Basic Anxiety

we’re all born with the fear of being alone/helpless

Alfred Adler

believed all people strive for perfection (the one unconscious drive)

Compensation

striving for perfection leads to fear of inferiority (lord farad)

Inferiority Complex

inability to overcome feelings of inferiority

Behavioral

blank slate (everything is learned)

Pavlov and Skinner

Pavlov

classical conditioning; associated stimuli/response

Skinner

operant conditioning; rewards/punishment

Humanism

all people are good, Maslow’s hierarchy

Cognitive Approach

thinking shapes behavior

Rotter

Rotter

our perceived level of control changes our behavior

Sheldon’s Somatotypes

Ectomorph; skinny/conniving

Mesomorph; muscly/hero

Trait Theory

compares personality by degrees and isn’t intuitive

OCEAN

==O==penness

==C==onscientiousness

==E==xtroversion

==A==greeableness

==N==euroticism

Myers-Briggs

based on four dichotomies

4 Dichotomies

Extraversion/Introversion, Sensing/Intuition, Thinking/Feeling, and Judging/Perceiving