1. Review of somatic motor and autonomic pathways

The somatic motor division uses _ neuron from the _ to _.

one, central nervous system, skeletal muscle

The autonomic division uses _ with a _.

a 2-neuron chain, ganglion between the preganglionic and postganglionic

neurons

autonomic division target tissues (4 things)

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and selected glands and adipose tissue

where is the somatic motor division ganglion?

it does not have one

signal at target of somatic motor division: what gets released, from where, onto what?

ACh released from an axon terminal onto nicotinic ACh receptors

signal at target of autonomic motor division: what gets releases, where, and onto what?

ACh or norepinephrine released from postganglionic sites, often varicosities, onto muscarinic or adrenergic receptors (type of GPCR)

excitatory or inhibitory for somatic and automatic

somatic = excitatory only, automatic = both

what get released from preganglionic neurons with sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Acetylcholine (ACh) onto nicotinic ACh receptors at the ganglionic synapse

Parasympathetic postganglionic neurons usually release _ onto _ at the _.

acetylcholine, muscarinic G-protein-coupled receptors, target organ

Parasympathetic ganglia are _.

near or within the target organ.

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons usually release _ onto _ .

norepinephrine, adrenergic receptors

The adrenal medulla is a special sympathetic pathway:

preganglionic acetylcholine activates chromaffin cells, which release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the blood.

Somatic/Axon terminals form _, whereas autonomic varicosities release transmitter along a _ axon onto a _ of smooth muscle or a gland.

relatively discrete synapses, postganglionic, broader region

What are varicosities?

postganglionic sites

Autonomic control is often _.

antagonistic, if one branch is blocked, the unopposed branch can dominate the organ response