1 - Intro & Pediatric Eval

Describe Part A of the IDEA

congressional findings relevant to the act, and the definition of these issues

just congress stuff

Describe Part B of the IDEA

free and appropriate education (FAPE)

ages 3-22

allows access to public education services

students will receive and IEP

Describe Part C of the IDEA

early intervention (0-3yrs)

federally mandated, state funded

needs heavy family involvement

will create an individualized family service plan (IFSP)

Define LRE

least restrictive environment

emphasizes need to place children w/ disabilities in a general education setting, or in the same environment as non-disabled counterparts

Which part of the ICF model has the greatest impact on a child? (idk you know what I mean). Why?

participation

ability to engage in activities with peers is good for development probably

Describe the difference between an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach to pediatric PT

inter - each discipline acts within their own scope

trans - interventions transcend the normal boundaries of each discipline (ex. PT helping with dressing)

Describe play

engaging in activity for recreational enjoyment rather than a real purpose/practical reason

intrinsically motivated

*may begin as early at 6wk

What are some common complications for a mother during pregnancy?

high blood pressure

gestational diabetes

pre-eclampsia

infection

depression

Which complication during pregnancy may result in a large infant size?

gestational diabetes

Which complication during pregnancy is characterized by proteins in urine and high blood pressure? Why is this concerning?

pre-eclampsia

risk of kidney issues

Describe the difference between early, full, and late term

early - 37-38wk

full - 39-40wk

late - 41-42wk

Corrected ages are used for infants born at ___ weeks or earlier

36wk

When is the age of viability?

24wk

Describe how ultrasounds are used throughout a pregnancy

1st US around 8-13wk - viability, due date

2nd US around 18-21wk - anatomy check, sex, baby size, placental health

3rd US possible in 3rd trimester

Describe the differences between PAPPA, hCG, and AFP

P - placental hormone, may indicate chrome problems

h - also placental hormone, may indicate chrome problems

A - mom's blood protein, may suggest twins, ONTD, chrome problems

Describe an amniocentesis

sample of amniotic fluid

offered between 16-22wk GA

can test for genetic abnormalities, NTDs

Describe chronic villus sampling (CVS)

sample of placental tissue

offered between 10-13wk GA

can test for genetic abnormalities (NOT NTDs though)

higher risk of miscarriage than amniocentesis

Describe the APGAR test

assesses general newborn function right after birth at 1min and 5min

appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration

scores >7/10 are normal

Describe the FLACC pain rating scale

assesses face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability

used for 2mo - 3yr/o

higher score = more pain (out of 10)

Describe the differences in age-appropriateness between the Wong Baker face scale, the Faces Pain scale, and the NPRS

WB - ages 3+

FP - ages 4-16

NPRS - ages 7+

MMTs may be considered valid/reliable as early as ____

3yrs

Describe the expected norms for the supine flexion, prone extension, and wall sit tests

supine - 90s

prone - 60s

wall - 60s

T/F: tone is not permanent and will change over time

false

usually does not change from birth (exceptions: CP and preemies)

When does tone generally normalize in a newborn/iinfant?

normalizes by 12-15mo

Describe how resting tone differs for premature infants

flexor tone doesn't develop until later in pregnancy

infants born

What may cause disorders of muscle tone in infants/children?

dysfunction in the brain, spinal cord, muscle spindles, neural circuits

Describe the purpose of the Galeazzi "Allis" test

screens for developmental hip dysplasia

Describe some yellow flags you may notice during a peds eval

significant lack of motor skills w/o physician referral

night pain w/o known diagnosis

integ concerns - unexplained bites, bumps, sig swelling

What is a red glad you may notice during a peds eval that is an immediate referral?

projectile vomiting, known history of a shunt

How do peds SMART goals differ from most SMART goals?

A - assignable

the goal may be for the child or for the parent/caregiver

Which aspect of goal writing is especially important for pediatric PT?

the WHY

"functional" is better than "reaching typical gross motor skills"