Anatomy Exam Two: Chapter 22

What are the components of the upper respiratory system?

nose, nasal cavity and pharynx

What are the components of the lower respiratory system?

larynx, trachea, lungs, bronchies and branches

What is the primary function of the conducting zone?

Conveys air to the lungs. Cleanses, humidifies, and warms incoming air (nose to terminal bronchioles).

What is the primary function of the respiratory zone?

The actual site of gas exchange (respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli).

What are the two main functions of the paranasal sinuses?

They lighten the total weight of the skull and condition them by warming and keeping moisten incoming air while producing mucus to trap debris

Type 1 alveolar cells are?

Simple squamous epithelial cells that form the structural walls of the alveoli; optimized for rapid gas diffusion.

Type 1 alveolar cells are?

Cuboidal epithelial cells that secrete surfactant (reducing surface tension) and antimicrobial proteins.

What muscle actions occur during quiet Inspiration?

Active process. The diaphragm contracts (moves down) and external intercostals contract (lift rib cage up/out).

What muscle actions occur during quiet Expiration?

Passive process. Muscles relax; the elastic lungs recoil, decreasing thoracic volume and forcing air out.

Define Intrapulmonary pressure relationships relative to Atmospheric pressure.