Parasites Identification + Life cycles - PRACTICAL

What are the key 2 most common flea speciea, their hosts , features , vetinary important, activity and contorl..

Ctenocephalides felis

Ctenocephalides Canis

Key species: Ctenocephalides felis, Ctenocephalides canis

Hosts: Dogs, cats, sometimes ruminants

Features: Laterally compressed body, powerful hind legs, wingless, and Combs

Veterinary importance: Flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), intermediate host of Dipylidium caninum, anaemia in puppies/kittens

Activity: View fleas under microscope + associated 2 tasks

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Control: Topical insecticides, environmental control, treating all pets

Flea Life cycle

• adult will attatch onto host, suck blood lay eggs

• eggs fall off into enviroment hatch into larvae

• larvar migrate away from light + eat FLEA DIRT ( very sensitive too light, the ENVIROMENT will become ridden with fleas, therefore making flea dirt available too eat..)

• Larvae —→ Pupae

• Pupae will only hatch out from movement/ warth nearby encourages them too break out + will then attatch to their adult hosts..

What are the Key lice species of veterinary importance ( lice scientific name = phthiraptera)

Key species: Biting/chewing (Mallophaga): e.g., Trichodectes canis

Sucking (Anoplura): e.g., Haematopinus spp.

Hosts: Species-specific (dogs, cattle, pigs, horses)

Features: Dorsoventrally flattened, wingless, and claws for grasping

Veterinary importance: Irritation, anaemia, secondary infections

Activity: View lice under microscope + associated 2 tasks

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Control: Insecticides, improve hygiene, treat all animals

What are the flies of veterinary importance…

Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly), Musca domestica (housefly),  Hypoderma, Gasterophilus (myiasis-causing), Culicoides, and Tabanus

What are the mites of veterinary importance/ significance… (remember 2 x subcatagories)

Key species: Burrowing: Sarcoptes, Demodex;

Surface: Psoroptes, Chorioptes, Otodectes

Hosts: Species-specific but zoonotic potential in some

Features: Microscopic, 4 pairs of legs (larvae have 3 pairs)

Veterinary importance: Mange, otitis externa, alopecia, pruritus

Activity: View under microscope + associated 4 tasks

Control: Acaricides, deep cleaning, isolate infected animal

What is the 4 stages of the mite life cycle

1) Adult female mites

2) Female mites lay eggs

2) Larvae hatch out (have 6 legs)

3) Larvae MOULT to become 8 legged nymphs (Protonymph, deutonymph, tritonnymph….——> (back to adult)

What genus of mite is only parasitic at stage 3 of the lifecycle…

Chigger

(laravae of the tombiculidae…)

Psoroptes Ovis

Chorioptic MAnge

Sarcoptic Mange caused by,,,

Notoedric Mange

Notoedres Cati

Mange?

Mite Infestation

Ear Canal Mite?

Otodectes

What is the test for burrowing mites?

Deep Skin scrape

What is the genus of this mite?

Psoroptes

Whar are the key species of Tick, hosts, features, veterinary importance activity and control…

Scientific Name for HArd ticks?

Ixodidae

Scientific name for soft ticks?

Argasidae

Label the structures on this tick

1. SPiricles (breathing)

2. Hypostome (mouth association)

3. Palps ( elongated apendages like whicskers associated with touch + taste)

4. Anus

5. Anal groove

Label Each Stage of the stick life cycle

A - Semi - engorged female (multiple thier body size)

B- Male

C - Larva

D - Nymph

E- Full engourged female

What is the full life cycle of the Ixodidae…

What does a soft tick look lick?

Flat + squished..

What feature can be used to identify a hard tick

scutum is present even though it only partially covers the dorsum of the larva.

By What process do hard ticks find their hosts…

QUESTING —> Ticks crwling grass/ on stems + extend front legs ready to latch on to any passing organisms…

What does the anal groove look like of the Ixodes tick species…

IT is U shaped

What are teh main clinical symptoms for baesia (tick bourne infection)

§Fever, pale mucous membranes and gums, coloured urine, enlarged spleen, swollen lymph nodes.

What are the symptoms of the louping - ill virus…

Muscular tremors, nervous nibbling, ataxia (especially hindlimbs), weakness, and collapse.

Colloquil name for Borreliosis

Lyme disease

HOw do you remove a tick form an animal?

•Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick as close to the skin's surface as possible.

•Pull upward with steady, even pressure. ...

After removing the tick, thoroughly clean the bite area and your hands with rubbing alcohol, an iodine scrub, or soap and water

what are the Identifying features of Insects whcich definces them

2 types of insect development…

Key Identification of Insect mouth parts..

can protude + it is calle dArista..

True flies. 2 common types

have typical fly features + retractable mouth part..

What are 6 examples of true flies of veterinary importance which cause direct skin damage, or act as vectors + transmit infections to the affected animals..

• horn fly

• Muscid

• tabanus

• hippobosca

• sand fly

• simulium

Identify this Image..

This is a sheep Ked.. (Melophagus ovinus)

It is a fly!

What issues can sheep keds cause

• Suck blood from host, irritation and loss and damage too the wool

• wool damage, irritation amenai can cuase weight loss and stunted growth in lambs…

What is significant about a bot fly…

It is the LARVAL STAGE which causes infestation and damage - Adult flys = HARMLESS

What are the different types of Bot fly — see if you can name all 4…

Hypoderma bovis — Cattle grubs/ warbles

Gastrophilus Spp — Horse stomach bots

Oestrus obis — Sheep nasal fly

Cuterebra — Rodent bot fly

What is the 4 stage life cycle of the mosquito…

• Vector for many species… malaria + dirofiliaria immitis (heart worm)

• lay eggs on surface - Larva and pupa = under the water…

label the flea key parts… (low priority)

What are some common flea species (referance only)

Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis),

Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis)

Human flea (Pulex irritans)

Northern rat flea (Nosopsyllus fasciatus)

Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis)

Sand flea (Tunga penetrans)

How can you tell between the bird flea and human flea

bird flea has a pronotal comb ( nb bird fllea infestations CAN occour although very rare, in this instance need specifiic bird flea treatments..

HOw to differentiate between ctenocephalides canis and Ctenocephalides felis

What is anoplura vs mallophaga lice…

Anoplura = sucking lice

Mallophaga = chewing lice

• lice = obligate ecto parasites

• host specific

• dorsoventrally flattened

• wingless

• strong legs + claws

Morphological difference in sucking and chewing lice in terms of… Mouth, size, head, thorax, abdominal segments, secual differentiation…

What are these small pale ovals (opposite image) stuck on the animal’s hairs likely to be

Small oval, pale louse eggs firmly attached to hairs.

§What genus does this ectoparasite (bottom image) belong to?

Linognathus… - No paratergal plates - sucking louse

N.B lice feed on BLOOD!