Health - puberty, adolescence, endocrine system

What is the endocrine system?

It regulates long-term changes in the body such as growth and development, controls many of your body's daily activities

What are a group of organs that make up the endocrine system?

Endocrine glands

Other puberty signs

Mood swings, acne, maturity, increased interest in others, body hair, increased fat, muscle development, growth, arguments (friends > family), perspiration

What do endocrine glands do?

They produce and release chemical substances that signal changes in other parts of the body

Where are the chemicals released?

Directly into the bloodstream, the blood carries them throughout the body

What is a hormone?

A hormone is a chemical substance produced by an endocrine gland (chemical messenger), has a specific function and target in the body

Where do hormones travel to and why?

Hormones travel to specific cells in the body where they turn on/off, speed up/down activies there

What does the endocrine system work with?

It works closely with the nervous system to regulate body function - checks and balances, keeps activities functioning properly

Hypothalamus

located in the base of the brain; links the nervous and endocrine systems. It signals (starts and stops) the release of hormones in other parts of the brain, mainly the pituitary gland.

Pineal gland

located at the base of the brain, releases melatonin (sleep hormone) and may assist with sexual development - mystery gland - involved with wake/sleep cycle

Adrenal gland

located at the top of each kidney and secretes steroid hormones - triggers hormones adrenaline that responds to sudden stress (fight or flight), increases heart rate and muscle tension; anti-inflammatory

Pituitary glands

"master gland" that has many regulatory functions - HGH (human growth hormone) - located at the base of the brain - regulates growth and development

Thyroid gland

located at the front of the neck near voicebox, regulates body's overall metabolic rate and controls calcium levels in the bloodstream

Parathyroids

four small glands located behind the thyroid gland that regulate levels of calcium and phosphorus that are necessary for proper bone and tooth formation and muscle and nerve activity

Thymus gland

located near the heart, below the neck and behind the breastbone, releases hormones important in the immune system develop until adolescence/puberty, then shrinks

Pancreas

located behind and below stomach, secretes digestive juice and produces insulin, controls blood sugar levels

Testes

a loose pouch of skin located in the scrotom in males, produces a sex hormone testosterone that regulates sperm production and controls changes in a male's body at puberty, produces sperm cells

Ovaries

deep in pelvis area in females, produces sex hormones estrogen and progesterone that regulate egg maturation and controls the changes in puberty, produces egg cells

Hormone and disorder of hypothalamus

Releasing hormones, hypothalamic disease

Hormone and purpose of pituitary gland

Growth hormone, gigantism/dwarfism

Hormone and purpose of pineal gland

Melatonin, insomnia

Hormone and purpose of thyroid gland

T3/T4 and calcitonin, hyper/hypo thyroidism

Hormone and purpose of parathyroid gland

Parathyroid hormone (PTH), hyper/hypo parathyroidism

Hormone and purpose of thymus

Thymosin, thymoma

Hormone and purpose of adrenal gland

Adrenaline and glucocorticoids, Addison's/Cushing's Disease

Hormone and purpose of pancreas

Insulin and glucagon, diabetes - type one (insulin dependent) and type 2 (adult onset gestational)

Hormone and purpose of testes

Testosterone, testicular cancer/infertility

Hormone and purpose of ovaries

Estrogen and progesterone, ovarian cyst/infertility

Make sure you know how to label the diagram from the worksheet.

I know how to label the diagram from the worksheet.

What is puberty?

When your body begins to develop and change

During puberty, your body will grow faster than any other time in your life other than when you were...

an infant

Two hormones released during puberty

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

What happens to hair during puberty?

It grows and gets longer, thicker, heavier, and darker

Acne treatments

Keeping your skin clean, suggestions from doctor

Prevent smelling stinky

Keep clean, shower often, use deodorant

What happens during adolescence?

Reproductive system matures, adult features appear, height and muscle mass increase

Define adolescence

A period of rapid physical growth, undergoing many physical, mental, and emotional changes

When does puberty occur?

Begins before you reach adolescence, ends during mid-adolescence

What does puberty refer to?

the changes that happen to your reproductive system

When and what does the pituitary gland start signaling?

Between 9 and 16, signals the ovaries/testes to start producing sex hormones

What signal reproductive maturity?

Ovulation in girls, sperm production in boys

What are secondary sex characteristics?

physical changes that develop during puberty, but are not directly involved in reproduction

What happens in girls only?

Breasts develop, hips widen, body fat increases

What happens in boys only?

Shoulders broaden, hair appears on face and chest

What happens in both boys and girls?

Voice deepens, muscle strength increases, body hair appears, skin releases more oils, perspiration increases

What is a growth hormone?

a chemical messenger that activates growth

What grows first?

Your hands and feet, then arms and legs

How does growth occur?

In spurts

The beginning of adolescence

Girls are taller than boys because they grow earlier.

What can cause aches and cramps/growing pains

Rapid lengthening of bones in arms and legs

Physical activity while growing

Adjust more rapidly to new size and shape, develop muscles and coordination

Nutrition during puberty

Eat nutritious meals and snacks to supply your body with the nutrients it needs

Weight gain

You should not gain excessive weight

Early bloomers

Adolescents who develop at an early age, before most other adolescents

Late bloomers

Those who develop at a late age, after most adolescents

Heredity in puberty

The ages at which people mature sexually and grow to their adult height are determined by heredity - probably maturing at about the same age and speed as your parents did

"Pruned back"

means only the brain cells and connections that you use will survive and flourish

Mental changes during adolescence includes

improved abstract thinking, reasoning skills, and impuse control

What is abstract thinking?

considering and thinking about ideas that are not concrete or visible - thinking about world hunger problems when hungry

What are reasoning skills?

the way you solve problems and make decisions

What is impulse control?

Controlling your tendencies to act rapidly based on emotional reactions

Does impulse control improve as you mature?

Yes

During adolescence...

individuals start to define meaning in their lives, a set of personal values, and a sense of self

Autonomy

Independence

List the endocrine glands.

hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, and reproductive glands