Human Anatomy Vessels

Aorta: starts where and carries what?

Left ventricle → carries oxygenated blood to the body.

Aortic arch: name its 3 branches in order.

Brachiocephalic trunk → left common carotid → left subclavian.

Brachiocephalic trunk splits into what?

Right common carotid + right subclavian arteries.

Coronary arteries supply what?

The heart muscle (myocardium)

Ascending aorta gives rise to what arteries?

Right and left coronary arteries that supply the heart.

Thoracic vs abdominal aorta: which is lower?

Abdominal aorta is inferior to the thoracic aorta.

Abdominal aorta ends by splitting into what?

Right and left common iliac arteries.

Celiac trunk supplies which gut region?

Foregut: stomach, liver, spleen and related structures.It branches into the left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic arteries.

Superior mesenteric artery supplies which gut region?

Midgut: most small intestine and part of large intestine.

Inferior mesenteric artery supplies which gut region?

Hindgut: distal part of large intestine, upper rectum.

Renal arteries go to which organs?

kidneys

Internal carotid mainly supplies what?

the brain and face

External carotid mainly supplies what?

Face, scalp and many external head/neck structures.

Facial, occipital, and posterior auricular arteries supply which regions?

Facial artery: face; occipital: back of scalp; posterior auricular: behind ear.

Vertebral arteries join to form what?

basilar artery

Middle cerebral artery supplies which brain area?

Much of the lateral cerebral hemisphere.It is responsible for supplying critical areas involved in motor control, sensory perception, and language.

Anterior cerebral artery supplies which brain area?

Medial frontal and parietal regions.

Posterior cerebral artery supplies which brain area?

Mainly occipital lobe and inferomedial temporal region.

Posterior communicating artery connects what?

Internal carotid circulation with posterior cerebral circulation. It connects the anterior circulation from the internal carotid artery to the posterior circulation from the posterior cerebral arteries, facilitating blood flow between these systems.

Upper-limb artery order from chest to arm?

Subclavian → axillary → brachial.

Brachial artery divides into what?

Radial and ulnar arteries near elbow

Radial vs ulnar: which is thumb-side?

Radial = thumb/lateral side; ulnar = little-finger/medial side.The radial artery is located on the thumb/lateral side of the forearm, while the ulnar artery is situated on the little-finger/medial side.

Deep brachial artery mainly supplies what?

posterior armand part of the elbow region.

External iliac artery becomes what?

Femoral artery after passing under the inguinal ligament.The external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery after it passes beneath the inguinal ligament.

Internal iliac artery supplies what?

the pelvic organs and gluteal region.

Deep femoral artery supplies what?

deep thigh muscles

Femoral artery continues behind the knee as what?

popliteal artery

Anterior tibial artery continues onto the foot as what?

Dorsalis pedis artery, on top of the foot.It supplies blood to the dorsum of the foot and toes.

Posterior tibial artery supplies what?

Posterior leg and sole of the foot.

Superior vena cava drains where from?

Most body regions above the diaphragm → right atrium.It drains blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest.

Inferior vena cava drains where from?

Most body regions below the diaphragm → right atrium.

Pulmonary arteries carry what blood where?

Oxygen-poor blood from right ventricle to lungs.

Pulmonary veins carry what blood where?

Oxygen-rich blood from lungs to left atrium.

Coronary sinus empties into which chamber?

right atrium.

Internal jugular vein drains what?

Brain and deeper head/neck structures.

External jugular vein drains what?

Mainly superficial head and neck.

Brachiocephalic veins are formed by which veins?

Internal jugular + subclavian veins on each side.

Cephalic vs basilic: which sides?

Cephalic = lateral/thumb side; basilic = medial/little-finger side.The cephalic vein is located on the lateral side (thumb side) of the forearm, while the basilic vein is found on the medial side (little-finger side).

Median cubital vein: why remember it?

Connects cephalic and basilic near elbow; common blood-draw site.

Hepatic portal vein carries blood where?

From digestive organs to the liver for processing.

Great saphenous vein: superficial or deep, and where?

Superficial; medial foot, leg and thigh; drains into femoral vein.

Femoral vein becomes what above the groin ligament?

External iliac vein

Renal veins drain which organs?

Kidneys → inferior vena cava.

Common iliac veins join to form what?

Inferior vena cava

True or False: All arteries carry oxygen-rich blood.

FALSE. Pulmonary arteries carry oxygen-poor blood to the lungs

True or False: All veins carry oxygen-poor blood.

FALSE. Pulmonary veins carry oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium.

True or False: Sternum is anterior to heart; spine is posterior to heart.

True

True or False: Superior means toward the feet; inferior means toward the head.

FALSE. Superior = toward head; inferior = toward feet.

True or False: Great saphenous is superficial.

TRUE. It is a superficial vein along the medial foot, leg, and thigh.This vein is often used for bypass grafts in heart surgery.

True or False: The popliteal artery is behind the knee.

TRUE. It passes through the popliteal fossa.It supplies blood to the knee joint and surrounding tissues.