General biology

General biology

a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their factions, growth evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Rudolf bludwig karl virchow

he noticed that the existence of diseases in the organs and tissues come from affected cells

The cell theory

Cells are basic structural/organizational unit of all organisms

Cell

It is the basic unit of life

Theory of spontaneous generation

It states that living things can arise from non living things

Robert Remak

He observed the fertilization of egg cell and sperm cell

Mathias schleiden

A botanist who studied plant cells and greatly contributed to the cell theory with theodore schwann

Robert hooke

He observed a cork and discover a small room like which he called cell

Zacharias jansen

He first invented the compound microscope with the help of his father hans

Francesco redi

He concluded that maggots can only come from something alive

John needham

He boiled the chicken broth and then sealed it. He presented it as an evidence that the spontaneous generation theory is real.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

He set another experiment with a sealed chicken broth in a flask and another that is not sealed. He concluded that the theory of spontaneous generation may not be real

Louis pasteur

He experimented meat broth in a 2 s-shaped flask, 1 without sealed and the other is not. He concluded that the microorganism didn’t come from the broth itself

Cell membrane

also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment

Cytoplasm

It is the gelatinous liquid that fills the inside of a cell

Centrioles

These are paired barrel-shaped organelles located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope

Nucleus

It controls and regulates the activities of the cell and carries the genes, structures that contain the hereditary information

Nucleolus

It is the largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

Ribosomes

These are macromolecular machines, found within all cells, that perform biological protein synthesis.

endoplasmic reticulum

It is a part of a transportation system of the eukaryotic cell, and has many other important functions such as protein folding.

Golgi bodies

It is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells.

Lysosomes

These are membrane-enclosed organelles that contain an array of enzymes capable of breaking down all types of biological polymers.

Mitochondria

It is an organelle found in most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. It is the powerhouse of the cell.

Cell wall

It is a structural wall that surrounds some cell type, found immediately outside the cell membrane

Cilium

a membrane-bound organelle found in most types of eukaryotic cells.

Flagellum

A hairlike appendage that produces from certain plants and animal sperm cells, from fungal spores, and from a wide range of microorganisms to provide motility.

Chitin

It is a natural and abundant biopolymer.

Root hair

These are outgrowths of epidermal cells, specialized cells at the tip of a plant root.

Chroloplast

An organelle that contains the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll that captures sunlight and converts it into useful energy

Vacuole

It is a membrane-bound cell organelle.

Prokaryotes

Simple life forms such as bacteria, blue-green algae, and archaeans possess the simple cellular components. Small size and simple construct allows them to reproduce fast

Eukaryotes

Larger size and more complex structural components

Unicellular

They are organisms that is only composed of a single cell

Multicellular

Cells that have different functions and roles in bodies. Multiple cells.