oral path ch 3 (end of chapter questions)

What are the foreign substances that the body defends against?

Antibodies

Plasma cells

Antigens

Lymphocytes

Antigens

Why is memory an important function of the immune system?

Retains the memory of the antibody

Allows faster inflammatory responses

Allows faster future immune responses

Weakens future immune responses

Allows faster future immune responses

How does immunization with a vaccine work?

Increases the risk of an antigen-causing disease

Produces active acquired immunity

Uses antibodies produced by another person

Passes antibodies from the mother to the fetus

Produces active acquired immunity

Which of the following statements is an important consideration with the B-cell lymphocyte?

It is derived from a hematopoietic stem cell

It has CD4 receptors on its surface

It matures and resides in the thymus

It is produced from plasma cells

It is derived from a hematopoietic stem cell

Which of the following statements is an important consideration with the macrophage?

Retains a memory of an encountered antigen

Initially undergoes phagocytosis during inflammation

Produces circulating antibodies

Can be activated by lymphokines

Initially undergoes phagocytosis during inflammation

Which statement is correct when applied to natural killer cells?

They are a type of T-cell lymphocyte

They do not circulate within the body

They secrete antibodies or immunoglobulins

They are part of the body's innate immunity

They are part of the body's innate immunity

In which type of immunopathology are the cells of the body no longer tolerated and treated by the immune system as antigens?

Hypersensitivity

Immunodeficiency

Autoimmune disease

Reactive hyperplasia or hypertrophy

Autoimmune disease

What occurs with the plasma cells during the anaphylactic type of hypersensitivity reaction?

Produce an antibody called IgE

Combine with antigen during reaction

React with nearby lymphocytes

Form immune complexes with antigen

Produce an antibody called IgE

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves activated complement?

Type IlI

Cytotoxic

Type IV

Anaphylactic

Cytotoxic

What type of lymphocyte matures in the thymus, produces lymphokines, and can increase or suppress humoral immu-nity?

T-cell lymphocyte

Macrophage

Plasma cell

B-cell lymphocyte

T-cell lymphocyte

Which of the following statements are considered correct in relationship to antibodies?

Also called cytokines

Also called immunoglobulins

Directly produced from mast cells

Directly produced by lymphocytes

Also called immunoglobulins

Which of the following types of immunologic disease involve either a decreased number or activity of lymphoid cells?

Autoimmune

Hypersensitivity

Immunodeficiency

Reactive hyperplasia or hypertrophy

Immunodeficiency

Which of the following is produced during a humoral immunity reaction?

Antigens

Toxins

Antibodies

Autoimmune cells

Antibodies

What is the diagnostic laboratory procedure to denote the antibody level in the blood?

Staining

Immunization

Titer

Skin test

Titer

Which type of immunity may be provided immediately to dental personnel after needlestick accidents?

Natural passive immunity

Acquired passive immunity

Natural active immunity

Acquired active immunity

Acquired passive immunity

Which of the following situations would result in the least risk of drug allergy?

Application of topical medication

Presence of infection

When used with children

Presence of multiple allergies

When used with children

Which of the following is involved in the regulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity?

Humoral immunity

Innate reactions

Cell-mediated immunity

Bone marrow cells

Bone marrow cells

Which of the following is involved in the communication between lymphocytes within the immune system?

Histamine

Bradykinin

Complement

Cytokines

Cytokines

Which one of the following types of hypersensitivity reactions can also be referred to as delayed hypersensitivity?

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Type IV

Which of the following statements concerning the dendritic cell is considered correct?

It is similar to lymphocytes in morphology and function

It is found in an immature state within tears or saliva

It is a specialized oype in oral mucosa called a Langerhans cell

It interacts only with macrophages during the immune response

It is a specialized oype in oral mucosa called a Langerhans cell

What marker does the t-cytotoxic cell carry?

CD4

CD8

IgG

C-reactive protein

CD8

Which of the general types of immunoglobulin is a major antibody found in blood serum and serves as the first passive immunity for the newborn?

IgA

IgD

IgG

IgM

IgG

Which one of the following is the most common cause of serum sickness?

Aspirin

Antihistamines

Penicillin

Corticosteroids

Penicillin

Which type of IgA is present in both tears and saliva?

Purulent

Serous

Reactive

Secretory

Secretory

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is involved in a fixed drug eruption when it occurs in the oral cavity?

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Type III

Which is one of the important factors for safety when using a live vaccine?

Virulence

Heat stable

Attenuated

Synthetic peptides

Attenuated

Which of the following descriptions is correct when used to describe cytokines?

Affect only nephrons within the kidneys

Include both lymphokines and monokines

Administered parenterally with asthma attacks

Produced in the liver in response to low serum levels

Include both lymphokines and monokines

Which of the following cells is not known to function as an antigen-presenting cell within the immune system?

T-cell lymphocytes

B-cell lymphocytes

Dendritic cells

Macrophages

T-cell lymphocytes

Which of the following can be considered correct when discussing interferon?

Was only recently discovered by researchers

Falls under the category of cytokines

Produced by both B-cell lymphocytes and macrophages

As a protein has potent antibacterial properties

Falls under the category of cytokines

When small molecules function as haptens, what do the larger ones function as?

Carriers

Boosters

Monokines

Immunoglobulins

Carriers

All of the following are examples of hypersensitivity reactionsexcept:

Major aphthous ulcers

Urticaria

Angioedema

Contact dermatitis and mucositis

Major aphthous ulcers

Reactive arthritis is known for being:

An infectious disease

An immunodeficiency disease

An abnormal immunologic response

More common in women than in men

An abnormal immunologic response

A target lesion on the skin is associated with which of the following diseases?

Behçet syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Lichen planus

Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme

Tzanck cells may be seen in which of the following condi-tions?

Pemphigus vulgaris

Erythema multiforme

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Behcet syndrome

Pemphigus vulgaris

The oral lesions in Reiter syndrome may resemble:

Pemphigus vulgaris

Lichen planus

Angioedema

Erythema migrans

Erythema migrans

Aphthous ulcers are seen in all of the following systemic diseases except:

Behcet syndrome

Angioedema

Ulcerative colitis

Cyclic neutropenia

Angioedema

The most characteristic oral manifestation of Sjögren syndrome is:

Xerostomia

Erythema migrans

Erythema multiforme

Acute disseminated reticulosis

Xerostomia

Which of the following statements about autoimmune disease with oral manifestations is false?

The bulla in pemphigus vulgaris are more fragile than those in bullous pemphigoid

Acantholysis of the epithelium is seen in pemphigus vulgaris

In pemphigoid the separation of the epithelium from the connective tissue occurs at the basement membrane

Skin lesions are common in mucous membrane pemphigoid

Skin lesions are common in mucous membrane pemphigoid

Which is the most distinct and definitive characteristic chat distinguishes pemphigus from pemphigoid?

Size of the ulcerations

Age and gender of the patient

The histopathologic findings

Nikolsky sign

The histopathologic findings

Desquamative gingivitis may be present in all of the following except:

Cicatricial pemphigoid

Pemphigus vulgaris

Lichen planus

Aggressive periodontal disease

Aggressive periodontal disease

Which of the following orofacial structures could create a life-threatening situation for the patient from angioedema involvement?

Lips

Mucosa

Eyelids

Epiglottis

Epiglottis

Which of the following is a pathologic condition that produces a characteristic butterfly-shaped lesion on the face and oral ulcers, occurs more frequently in females than males, and for which the result of a blood test is important in its diagnosis?

Pemphigus

Erosive lichen planus

Desquamative gingivitis

Lupus erythematosus

Lupus erythematosus

Which one of the following is involved in Raynaud phenom-enon?

Kidney tissue

Ocular components

Fingers and toes

Joints

Fingers and toes

Herpetiform aphthous ulcers can be seen anywhere in the oral cavity but are most frequently seen on the:

Palate

Attached gingiva

Lateral tongue

Buccal mucosa

Lateral tongue

What is the most common location for Wickham striae in the intraoral region?

Dorsal surface of tongue

Floor of mouth

Buccal mucosa

Vermilion border

Buccal mucosa

Which of the following statements is false?

All primary immunodeficiencies are combined B-lympho-cyte and T-lymphocyte deficiencies.

Primary immunodeficiencies are less common than secondary immunodeficiencies.

Persons with T-lymphocyte deficiencies are susceptible to viral and fungal infections.

Secondary immunodeficiency can result from corticosteroid medication.

All primary immunodeficiencies are combined B-lympho-cyte and T-lymphocyte deficiencies.

Which of the following conditions is very serious and can be life threatening if untreated?

Pemphigus vulgaris

Contact dermatitis

Necrotizing sialometaplasia

Eosinophilic granuloma

Pemphigus vulgaris

Sawtooth-shaped epithelial rete ridges, degeneration of the basal cells of the epithelium, and a bandlike infiltrate of lymphocytes in the connective tissue subjacent to the epithelium are classic histopathologic features of:

Erythema multiforme minor

Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid

Pemphigus vulgaris

Lichen planus

Lichen planus

Acantholysis and Tzanck cells are associated with which condition?

Pemphigus vulgaris

Aphthous ulcers

Erythema multiforme

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

Pemphigus vulgaris

All of the following conditions should demonstrate a positiveNikolsky sign except one. Which is the exception?

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

Pemphigus vulgaris

Lichen planus

All of the above will have a positive Nikolsky sign

Lichen planus

Noncaseating granulomatous inflammation may be seen in which of the following?

Behcet syndrome

Pemphigus vulgaris

Lichen planus

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis

Lupus pernio is a cutaneous manifestation of:

Sarcoidosis

Behçet syndrome

Systemic lupus erythematous

Lichen planus

Sarcoidosis

Which of the following conditions may be associated with an increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma over a patient's lifetime?

Erosive lichen planus

Pemphigus vulgaris

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

Sarcoidosis

Erosive lichen planus

Which of the following is associated with the development of ocular lesions that may result in blindness if left untreated?

Lichen planus

Pemphigus vulgaris

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

Sarcoidosis

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

Which of the following sites would be least likely to develop an aphthous ulceration?

Buccal mucosa

Hard palate

Labial mucosa

Floor of mouth

Hard palate

The most appropriate treatment for recurrent aphthous stomatitis is a/an:

Topical steroid

Antifungal

Antibiotic

Antiviral

Topical steroid

Which of the following patients would be most likely to develop sarcoidosis?

A 35-year-old Black female

A 70-year-old White male

A 2-day-old Hispanic male a

10-year-old Asian female

A 35-year-old Black female

Most aphthous ulcers are seen in:

Infants

Teenagers

Middle-aged adults

Older adults

Teenagers

Another name for major aphthous ulcers is:

Erythema multiforme

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Sutton disease

Cannon disease

Sutton disease

Any ulcerated condition diagnosed by clinical diagnosis that does not resolve should be biopsied:

Within 2 months

Within 2 weeks

Within 3 months

At next recall

Within 2 weeks

Stevens-Johnson syndrome has been classified as a variant of.

Major aphthous ulcers

Erythema multiforme

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Lichen planus

Toxic epidermal necrolysis

One of the features of lichen planus is that:

It does not rub off

There is always bleeding

The etiology is known

Location is the palate

It does not rub off

Which one of the following does not have desquamative gingivitis as a clinical feature?

Pemphigus vulgaris

Pemphigoid

Lichen planus

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis

Treatment of toxic erythema necrolysis includes all of che following except one. Which one is the exception?

Removal of the causative drug

IV hydration

Corticosteroids

Nonalcohol mouth rinses

Nonalcohol mouth rinses

Cobblestone tongue is a classic clinical feature of:

Sjögren syndrome

Erythema multiforme

Pemphigus

Lichen planus

Sjögren syndrome

With urticaria, if angioedema involves the larynx, which drug should be used immediately:

Benadryl

Epinephrine

20 mg of steroids

Antibiotics

Epinephrine

Alchough the etiology is unclear, which one of the following is thought to be a hypersensitivity reaction to infections or drugs?

Lichen planus

Pemphigus

Reactive arthritis

erythema multiforme

erythema multiforme

Which one of the following is a microscopic feature of lichen planus?

Absence of lymphocytes

Acantholysis

Sawtooth rete ridges

Separation of epithelium from connective tissue

Sawtooth rete ridges