Cultural Learning 9.1 and 9.2

through the eyes of harleigh carr i didnt write alot abt the lil farmers oh well hashtag shurg

causes of food variation

1. Level of development (more dev=more food cons.)

2. physical conditions(more dev.=shipping food)

3. cultural preferences

dietary consumption energy

amount of food an individual consumes, measured in kcal (kilocalorie or calorie)

food security

physical, social, and economic access at all times to safe and nutritious food sufficient to meet dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life

• 10% of world is insecure

undernourishment

dietary energy consumption that is continuously below that needed for a healthy life and carrying out light physical activity

• most prevalent in sub Saharan Africa and S Asia

• 98% if undernourished are in developing countries

greates challenge to world food security

food prices, not food supply

• 20% of income in developed countries, 40% income in sub Saharan africa

UN’s four factors of high food prices

1. poor weather

2. higher demand

3. smaller growth in productivity w/out breakthroughs

4. use of crops as biofuels instead of food

high prices also contrib to high land prices

cereal grain

cereal; grass that yields grain for food

grain

seed from cereal grains

• wheat, maize/corn, rice

protein in developed countries

meat products: beef, pork, poultry

• 1/3 of all protein intake

protein in developing countries

cereal grains

agriculture

deliberate modification of earth’s surfaces through cultivation of plants and rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain

crop

any plant cultivated by people

hunters and gatherers

lived in small groups (approx <50), nomadic, territorial but peaceful,

• men hunt and fish while women gather berries, nuts, roots

• less than 0.005 % of ppl today

agricultural revolution

process began when humans domesticated plants and animals instead of relying on hunter/gatherer

• approx. 8000 BCE

• combo of environmental and cultural factors

environmental factors to agg rev

coincided with last ice age, which redistributed humans plants and animals

cultural factors of agg rev

preference for living in fixed place, observation of plant/animal tech and experimentation

agriculture hearths

SW Asia, East Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America

• invented independently by multiple groups

Columbian Exchange

transfer of plants, animals, people, culture, and tech between W Hemisphere and Europe as a result of Eu colonization and trade

subsistence agg

found in developing countries, production of food primarily for consumption by farmers family

commercial agg

found in developed places, production of cash crops for sale off farm

cash crop

one grown for sale rather than farmer’s own use

percent of farmers in developed vs developing countries

• devel. = 3%

  • US=1% farmers, 10% food industry

• deveolping= 35%