Anatomy - Lab 4

Scapula - Spine

Shelf-like ridge that serves as an attachment ridge for the trapezius and deltoid muscles.

Scapula - Acromion Process

Bony projection at the highest point of the Scapula that forms the apex of the shoulder and articulates with the lateral end of the clavicle.

Scapula - Glenoid Fossa/Cavity

Shallow socket that articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint.

Scapula - Coracoid Process

Hook-like projection that serves as an anchor for key muscles and ligaments such as the pectoral muscle that stabilize the shoulder and move the arm.

Scapula - Supraspinous Fossa

Smooth, concave bony depression located on the upper posterior (dorsal) surface of the scapula, positioned superior to the spine of the scapula.

Scapula - Infraspinous Fossa

Broad, shallow depression on the posterior surface of the scapula, located inferior to the spine of the scapula.

Scapula - Subscapular Fossa

A broad, concave depression located on the anterior (costal) surface of the scapula that faces the ribcage.

Clavicle - Sternal Extremity (Medial End)

Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and the first costal cartilage to form the sternoclavicular joint.

Clavicle - Acromial Extremity (Lateral End)

Lateral end that articulates with the acromion process of the scapula.

Humerus - Head of Humerus

Smooth, rounded surface that articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula. On the medial side of humerus.

Humerus - Greater and Lesser Tubercles

• Greater - Located on the lateral side of the humerus and is an attachment site for rotator cuff muscles.

• Lesser - Located on the anterior and medial side of the humerus and is an attachment site for rotator cuff muscles.

Humerus - Intertubercular Groove

Longitudinal groove running down the anterior surface, separating the two tubercles, that channels the long head tendon of the bicep muscle.

Humerus - Anatomical Neck

A narrow groove on the proximal end of the humerus that separates the rounded head from the greater and lesser tubercles.

Humerus - Surgical Neck

Lies inferior/distal to the head and greater/lesser tubercles of the humerus. It transitions into the shaft of the humerus.

Humerus - Trochlea and Capitulum Condyles

• Both are articular surfaces at the distal elbow

• Trochlea (pulley shaped) - Medial, articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

• Capitulum (rounded) - Lateral, articulates with the head of the radius

Humerus - Medial and Lateral Epicondyles

• Bony projections used as attachment sites for forearm muscles

• Medial - Larger, more prominent on the medial side of the elbow

• Lateral - Smaller, less prominent on the lateral side of the elbow, superior to the capitulum

Humerus - Fossa

Olecranon Fossa - posterior side of the humerus and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna

Coronoid Fossa - on the anterior end of the humerus and articulate with the coronoid process of the ulna.

Ulna - Trochlear Notch

C-shaped depression on the proximal end of ulna that wraps around the trochlea of the humerus to form the hinge joint of the elbow.

Ulna - Radial Notch

Articulates with the head of the radius to allow forearm rotation.

Ulna - Olecranon Process

Located on the posterior of the upper ulna. Its a large backward projection that is the insertion point for the triceps brachii muscle

Ulna - Coronoid Process

Smaller, forward projection on the anterior upper ulna where the brachialis inserts.

Ulna - Styloid Process

Small, pointed bony projection located at the distal inner side of the ulna bone and serves as a important anchor point for wrist structures.

Radius - Head

Disc-shaped structure at the proximal end of the radius that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and radial notch of the ulna.

Radius - Radial Tuberosity

Rough, oval bump which is the main attachment site for the main bicep tendon.

Radius - Distal Fossa

Smooth depression that articulates with the carpals

Radius - Styloid Process

Pointed projection on the distal end of the radius (lateral) that anchors key muscles and ligaments to stabilize the wrist joint.

Hand - Carpals

8 small irregular shaped wrist bones that provide structure and flexibility to the wrist joint. Sit in 2 rows; proximal (closer to arm) and distal (closer to fingers)

Hand - Metacarpals

5 long metacarpals that form the structural framework of the palm

Hand - Phalanges

14 total finger bones that have proximal, medial (not in thumb/pollux), and distal phalanges that allow grasping, pinching, and movement.