✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎✔︎PSY 3280: Chapter Five: Attention

attention

intensity, clarity of perception, and consciousness

Is attention important to perception?

Yes!

Why do we need to attention act as selection?

There is a limited capacity to process information

Processing Resources

the amount of attention one has to apply to a particular situation

Whar are the some processing resources?

Alerting, orienting, and executive systems

Alerting system

-The maintence of the alert state

-ready to detect

Orienting System

the movement of attention (disengages, shifts, and reenages)

executive system

-the controllment of voluntary actions in regards to attention

-allows for the suppreession of automatic actions

-could be used outside of attention

Perseveration

the production of the the same response over again despite the task requires a change in a response

Inhibition

the ability for the suppression of automatic responses

Goal Neglect

The reliance on habitual responses in contrast for the nesscary goal of a task

Attention in the Brain

Attend left -> Activity in the right hemisphere

Attend righth -> activity in the left hemisphere

What damage in the brain causes Unilateral neglect syndrome?

Right parietal lobe

Unilalteral neglect syndrome

can not attend the left half of the world

Selective Attention

The ability to focus on one task/input while actively ignoring other stimuli.

dichotic listening

the different messaging to each ear

What are the two channels of dichotic listening?

Attended and Unattended channel

attended channel

Actively listen to the messaging

unattended channel

actively ignoring the messaging

cocktail party effect

Ability to concentrate on one voice amongst a crowd

Spotlight effect

the "beam" of attention

What does broad attention allow you to?

The detection of features but not bind them

What does narrow attention allow you to?

the binding of thing together

Other than a spothlight, what might we can control the shape of what?

Attended reigion

What does visual attention select?

Places with out gaze

are attention and gaze separable?

Peoples attention

shifted before their eyes did. SO YES!

Can people adjust the countre and region of attention?

Yes

Attention and Preception

Ties together when it is need to deal with one or more features

What cues may improve detection at?

Locations

What do cues benefits were seen as?

150 ms

The differennce between cue and eye movements by ms is...

+30 ms

Inhibition of return

it is more difficult for people to move back their attention on an

object is less likely to attract attention again in a period of 300 ms to 900ms

Is the inhibition of return object based?

Yes

Inhibition of return follows what?

object than the cued location

Attention need what

location and target

What do we get from location?

it gets our attention

What do we get from objects

it locks our attention

Inattentional blindness

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

Why cant we remember the unattended stimuli?

we are looking at the fixation target

Fixation target

A visual mark (such as a dot or a plus sign) at which one points one's eyes (or "fixates").

Attended input leads to

consciounesss

Unattended input leads to

nothing

Cocktail Party Problem

the process of tracking one conversation in the face of the distraction of other conversations

What is true about the Cocktail Party Problem?

-A notice in the change of pitch

-Notice when your name is spken

-Something of meaning is extract

TRUE/FALSE: The early-selection hypothesis and the late-selection hypothesis are NOT BOTH true.

False!

What can unattended stimuli affect in perception?

Unattended stimuli can have effects on perception (late selection).

How much earlier is brain activity from attended inputs compared to unattended inputs?

Brain activity from attended inputs is different from unattended inputs by 70 ms (early selection).

The mechanism of blocking unattneded inputs

with a filter, more specific to already identiifed distractors from before

Word Recognition: Prime Validity Manipulation conditions

High-validity and low-validity condition

Low-Validity v. High-Valdity: Precentages of cues are valid

LV: 20%

HV: 80%

Low-Validity v. High-Valdity: Reptition Priming

LV & HV: YES

Low-Validity v. High-Valdity: Expectation Priming

LV: NO

HV: YES

Low-Validity condition: Benefit of Priming

Benefit of 30

Low-Validity condition: Cost of being misled

Benefit of 0<

High-Validity condition: Benefit of Priming

Benefit of 40

High-Validity condition: Cost of being misled

Cost of >40

Expectation Priming

-Top Down Priming

-Allows for their tune the whole system for expected stimuli

- a lower threshold for expected items

-a raised the threshold for unexpected items

Complex Stmuli

more cognitive resources and early selection

Easy stimuli

less cogntive resources and late selection

Divided attention

the ability to perform multiple tasks at the same time