Quiz #3 Design and Construction Feasibility

Roof slope

Can be severe or mild, but all roofs have at minimum a slight slope

Building separation joint

Mechanism to keep water out of adjoining parts of structure

PVC

Polyvinyl Chloride

Flashing

Plastic or metal - directs water away from vents, skylights, etc. Around drains and around edge of building

Parapet

Low wall that extends around the roof, protects from water seeping through vertical termination at the topof the base flashing

Shingle

Wood, asphalt, slate, clay, or concrete - overlap to create roof

Greywater

Not meant for consumption, lightly used/or rainwater repurposed and used for watering terrace/decoration/other household application

Renaissance

Rediscovery of architecture styles from roman antiquity

Andrea Palladio (1508-1580)

Most famous Renaissance architect and theorist primarily known for his use of proportion and symmetry

Baroque

Follows the rules of Renaissance, but takes it a step further. European architecture, music, and artwork of 1600s-1800s - Started in Italy

Float glass

Molten glass is poured into a bath of liquid tin to form a continuous, distortion free sheet

Tempered glass

4x as strong, breaks into small square granulated edges instead of long sharp shards

Laminated glass

Two layered glass with polymer interior used for added protection against UV, sound, and extra safety (skylight, over a pool), stays in one big shattered piece when broken

Tinting

Reflects the bright side - think daytime exterior, nighttime interior

Glazing

Process of installing and sealing glass to window (single-triple layer)

Butt joint

Frameless windows that join two 90 degree angle, providing a seamless view

Leaded Glass

Lead Oxide replaces calcium (churches, stained glass windos)

Fritted Glass

Ceramic coating, think class with smaller white dots all over it for design

Spandrel Glass

Opaque glass on the outside to hide mechanisms and other unattractive features

Window

Operational glass wall

Glass wall assembly

Window that isnt operational

Neoclassical

1800s new classical, romans created classical

Eiffel Tower

19th century

House of Parliament

19th century

Big Ben

19th century

Louvre

19th century

Statue of Liberty

19th century

Biltmore Estate

19th century

Flatiron

20th century

Henry Richardson (1838-1886)

Known for classic high-rises in US and Europe - lots in New England (Richardson Romanesque)

Frank Loyd Wright (1867-1959)

Known for builds that fit seamlessly into surrounding landscape (house in the woods over spring)

Bauhaus

German art school founded in 1919 by Walter Gropius

Empire State Building

Art Deco

Chrysler Building

Art Deco

Art Deco

First appeared in Paris in 1910s and 1920s, bold forms and luxurious materials

Seagram Building

Designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and completed in 1958. 38 story financial building in Manhattan,375 Park Ave

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe

German-American modernest pioneer architect

Louis Kahn

Estonian born American architect who turned away from modernest buildings and toward ancient Egypt and Greece, art galleries etc

Brutalism

Raw concrete exteriors, emphasis on functionality

Skidmore Owings and Merril

one of the largest architecture firms in the world, famous for inventive design and structural research. Lewis Skidmore, John Merrill, Nathaniel Owens.

Frank Gehry

Abstract buildings (think Spy Kids 1)

Scope Change

Drastic design changes such as removing or adding floors

Cost Plus

Contractor that is compensated for actual cost of work plus a fee based upon either an agree, fixed or percentage of work.

Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP)

The contractor is compensated for the actual cost plus a fee with an agreed maximum price, cost beyond the maximum are borne to the contractor.

Unit Price

Contractors paid a predetermined price for each unit or quantity of work material used for projects construction.

Lump Sum

Contractors paid a fixed price for completed construction, regardless of the cost to the contractor. Fixed price is adjusted by change orders.

Schematic Design

Two-dimensional, interior

Design Development

Three-dimensional, finishes

Closed Planning

Entire floor is taken up by a single tenant, limited common space to elevator or stairs

Open Planning

Design for multiple tenants on a floor, common space for stairs and elevator areas

Specification (Spec)

Details about everything on the job, all the way down to outlet plates, windows, lights, or any material used

ASTM

American standard testing of materials

IPD

Integrated project delivery: all trades and them arriving in a certain order to achieve a seamless result

BIM

Building information modeling: puts building pieces together

Live load

A building with people and fixtures inside (temporary weight)

Boreing

Drilling down until you hit bedrock or find a stiffness in soil, this is how far the foundation goes down

Shoring

Temporary structures to support low during excavation, common on beaches

Drilling during boreing

Rotary drill bores a hole through sheeting to stabilize soil or rock, steel prestressing tendons are inserted in hole to anchor to soil, grout, hardens, tendons are tensioned with hydraulic jack and anchor to a waler

Tieback

Agreement to anchor on the ground of other neighboring properties, can happen underneath slurry wall

Three types of substructures with shallow foundations

Slab on grade, crawlspace, basement

Frosting

When there is a deep frost line, footings can be placed close to ground surface to insulate in such a way the ground underneath them cannot freeze

Blind side waterproofing

Used where there is no working space between sheeted excavation and outside of the foundation wall, frequently used when foundations are constructed directly along a property line

Acropolis

Home of the Greeks, the Parthenon reside

Parthenon

In Athens, temple dedicated to Athena

Pantheon

In Rome, temple for Roman gods. largest non-reinforced concrete dome in world

Core factor

Flat rate for just the rented space, versus also renting a portion of the common shared space

FEMA Codes (federal emergency management agency)

A set of standard codes for all builds

NFPA

National fire protection agency

Civil

All pertaining to on-site

Architectural

All pertain to inside (carpet type C1)

Hydraulic elevator

Go slow and mutters, much cheaper

Traction elevator

uses steel ropes, smooth and fast, and more expensive

Macro economic real estate cycle

Typically last seven years

Plan

Horizontal

Elevation

Side/down

Reflected ceiling plan

Laying on the ground and looking up at lights

Contingency percentage

10%

Fire retardant material that was very commonly used, but has since been removed from new construction

Asbestos

Unions

Organization that negotiates for tradesmen/woman, doesn’t directly employ them but assigns them to job-site for dues/fee

Rank and File

Hierarchy of Union (ordinary workers to leadership)

Union representative monitors

Walk around job site and make sure that the negotiated terms are being adhered to

Filing grievances, mediate, slown down (work), strike

Forms of rebuttal to unmet promises

Other union items

Work to pass legislation to make trades jobs safer, with better pay and benefits

Invest in own projects or act as lenders, can have ownership by all of the supportive member. These projects must use union workers

Punch list

Checklist of everything that needs to be done, walkthroughs make sure they have been done and more specifically have been done correctly

Merit Shops

No dues from members, assign people looking for work and collect a fee on the difference, claim to have better workers

ABC

Association of Builders and Contractors

Merit shop rate

Determined after the job is selected, not a flat rate

Temporary agency

Hire workers for a certain amount of time for a certain trade (I need 6 carpenters for 3 days work)

Independent Contractor/1099

Pays own bills and has to supply themselves with own benefits, collect negotiated payment from employers but is not an employee

Pre-stressed concrete

Used in parking garages, cords are embedded in forms, stretched, and locked off. Concrete is poured around it to hold in place.

Post-tension concrete

Used in parking garages and multistory office buildings. Tubes with greased tendons are laid in concrete. Once concrete is poured and cured, tnedons are stretched in the field.

Pre-stressed and Post-tension concrete

Difficult to make slab penetrations for later renovation

Mortar

Material that goes between bricks and cinderblocks to hold them together and create a seal

Weep hole

In sides of masonry walls to let water escape

Expansion joints

Metal piece which runs along the ground in building (think hallways and doorways), allows the building to settle while components moe