AP HuG Unit 2 Review

Agricultural Density

the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

Arithmetic Density

the total number of people divided by the total land area

Census

a complete enumeration of a population

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

Demographic Transition

the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

Demography

the scientific study of population characteristics

Dependency Ratio

the number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force

Doubling Time

the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

Ecumene

the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement

Epidemiologic Transition

distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

Epidemiology

the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

Industrial Revolution

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

Life Expectancy

the average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions (life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live

Medical Revolution

medical technology invented in Europe and N. America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa (improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

the percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

Overpopulation

a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

Pandemic

disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population

Physiological Density

the number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

Population Pyramid

a bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

Sex Ratio

the number of males per 100 females in the population

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

the average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

Zero Population Growth (ZPG)

a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero

Two Most Populated Countries

India and China

Where in the world is a major population cluster other than Asia

Europe

Two Emerging Population Clusters

Northeast US and Africa (Nigeria and Egypt)

Three Major Population Clusters in Asia

East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

Countries that represent East Asia population clusters

China and Japan

Countries that represent South Asia population clusters

India, Pakistan, and Bangledesh

Countries that represent Southeast Asia population clusters

Indonesia, Vietnam, and the Philippines.

Which major populated country is in Stage 2 of the DTM

Nigeria

Non-ecumene zones are either

Too Dry, Too Wet, Too Cold, and/or Too Mountainous

Carrying Capacity

the maximum number of people that an environment, region, or the planet can sustainably support over the long term without damaging natural resources or degrading the ecosystem

Demographic Transition Model

a core five-stage framework, known as DTM, that explains how a country's population changes as it shifts from a pre-industrial society to an industrialized, urbanized economy

DTM has how many stages

five

In what two stages is the NIR closest to ZPG

One and Four

Stage 1 in the DTM means

CBR, CDR, and IMR is High, Pre-Industrial

Stage 2 in the DTM means

CBR is Booming, CDR is Low; Population is Booming

Stage 3 in the DTM means

CBR is High, CDR is Low; Growth slows down

Stage 4 in the DTM means

Both CBR and CDR is Low, Creates ZPG

Stage 5 in the DTM means

CBR is Low, CBR is High, Declining Population

Which Asian country is in Stage 5 of the DTM

Japan

Which continental region is in Stage 5 of the DTM

Eastern Europe

During Stage 1 of the DTM, why does Death occur?

Pandemics and Environmental Factors

Maternal Mortality Rate

the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 women giving birth in the society

Sustainability

using natural and human resources in a way that meets current needs without hurting the ability of future generations to meet theirs

Gravity Model

a formula that describes the level of interaction between 2 places, based on the size of their populations and distance from each other

S Curve

a curve that depicts a period of exponential growth followed by a leveling off of natural increase

Thomas Malthus

Guy that stated that while the population was rising geometrically, the food supply was riging arithmentically

Why did Western Europe and the US enter Stage 2 of the DTM

The Industrial Revolution

In the 20th century, countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa had population booms because what two revolutions

The Green and Medical Revolution

How many countries is the life expectancy for women higher than men

All of em

What stage of the DTM is The US in

Four

The DTM does not account for what in the NIR?

Immigration and Emmigration

Paul Ehrlich

The Neo-Malthusian that published his book, “The Population Bomb,."

When did the population of the world increase rapidly

Circa 1800

Megalopolis

a vast, continuous urban region where neighboring cities and suburbs merge

Two Famous Megalopolises

BoWash and Taiheiyo

Ecumene Expansion

Human Dispersion through Earth

Population Pyramid

Special bar graph that displays a countries distinctive popualtion structure

Developing countries are in what stages of the DTM

One, two, and three

Developed countries are in what stages of the DTM

Four and Five

Why are there more men than women in some countries?

Male Heirs, One-Child Policy, Immigration, etc

Why are there more women than men in some countries?

Life Expectancies, Men Labor, War

Epidemiological Transition Model

Identifies distinct health threats in each stage of the DTM, known as the ETM

Stage 1 in the ETM means

High CDR, High CBR; Lotta Pandemics and Environmental Factors

Stage 2 in the ETM means

High CBR, Decreasing CDR; Better Sanitation and Medicine Knowledge

Epidemic

an ailment that deeply impacts a community or region, a smaller pandemic

Stage 3 in the ETM means

Slow CBR, Low CDR; Longer Life Expectancy, Age Gaps Lead to Chronic Illnesses

Stage 4 in the ETM means

Low CBR and CDR; death is usually caused by progressive diseases that are delayed by modern knowledge

Greying Population

when people survive longer with a terminal illness (age gap)

John Snow

The guy who mapped multiple Chorea cases, which proves that disease can spread through contamininated water

Stage 1-2 in the ETM has problems with

Malaria, Starvation and Malnutrition

Stage 3-4 in the ETM has problems with

Cancer, Obesity

Stage 5 in the ETM means

Low CBR, Rising CDR

Why does Stage 5 in the ETM Happen

Evolution of Disease, Poverty, and Rise of Interconnected Travels

Healthcare in developing countries has

People paying a lot for healthcare

Healthcare in developed countries has

Public Sevice Available at little to no cost (government pays for the people)

Healthcare in the US

Individuals have to pay for more than 50 percent of their healthcare

Rise of the Aids Epidemic

Lot of Hubby Action, Demographic Spread, Spread of HIV through Airports

How can countries reduce birth rates

Improved Education, One Child Policy, and Contraception (Condoms and Birth Control)

How can countries increase birth rates

Social Campaign (Denmark), Paid Leave, Banning Contraception

Green Revolution

led to a massive expansion of agricultural output