Chapter 9: Plant Adaption

population

Individuals of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Population Genetics

study of the frequency of the alleles (forms of a gene) in a population

Gene pool

all the alleles for all of the individuals in the population

Factors that can change a gene pool: 

-genetic drift

-artificial selection

-natural selection

genetic drift

random changes in the frequency of alleles in a population, more common in small populations

Artificial selection

change in allele frequency because of human choice (selective breeding)

Natural Selection

-survival of the fittest

-include variate, overproduction, competition, survival to reproduce

variation

members that make up a population cannot have the same alleles. Some differences are needed.

overproduction

more offspring are produced than can survive

Competition

individuals will compete for limited resources in the environment

survival to reproduce

Individuals with better adaptions to the environment are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on the adaptation or traits.  

species

organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring  

speculation

process of species development

include:

- allopatric speciation

-sympatric speciation

allopatric speciation

-involves a geographic separation  

-highway system, mountains, etc.  

-seeds floating over the ocean  

sympatric speciation

- the species remains in place, no geographical separation 

-flower with an abnormal number of chromosomes  

divergent evolution

-have shared ancestry/a recent common ancestor but evolved into different species

-observe homologous structures (shared ancestry, similar structures, different structures)

Ex.human arm, whale flipper, cat leg, bat wing, horse leg