hist test

who discovers ciceros letters

petrarch

how do humanists imitate cicero

humanists imitate his latin, deliver orations off the cuff

scholasticism

-style of philosophy and scholarship, grown decadent
-based off Aristotle
-catholic
-associated with virtues
-monarchy

humanism

-style of philosophy and scholarship
-poetry and orations
-Christian
-virtu rather than virtue
-made up of republics

myths and lies of humanism

-lost ancient learning
-"radical renaissance"

is a cultural shift smooth or violent

both, if someone says its one or the other they're missing or adding elements

the house of medici

-owned largest bank in Europe
-found a loophole around usury
-in charge of Florence
-funded piano and opera
-sponsored artists

house of borgia

-known for violence
-2 popes

geocentrism

-confirms the senses
-myth: "church considers heliocentrism heresy bc they are biblical literalists"

Giordano Bruno was most likely executed because of...

heresy , NOT science
-denying virginity and trinity

711-1492 AD

muslims in spain as oppressive counter force

2 main jobs in spain

-soldier
-priest

"handbook of the Christian soldier"

-erasmus
-formalism(just going through the motions) is the cheif threat to Christians

"in praise of folly "

-Erasmus
-satirizes the problems of the world and the church
-celebrates our foibles

"education of a Christian prince"

-Erasmus
-counter to "the prince"
-prince should be loving and a servant to the people

"colliquies"

-Erasmus
-dialogues on freewill

"On Freewill"

-Erasmus
-defends freewill against luther

sad church stuff that sparks the reformation

-nepotism, simony, indulgences
-constant flow of money to rome
-the church IS the government (oppressive and corrupt)

95 THESIS

-1517
-mails 3 copies to church authorities, they're released to the public
-41 of them declared heretical

eksurge domine

warning to luther, he burns it

at the diet of worms luther is...

excommunicated

peace of ausburg

-1555
-says the religion of the prince will be the religion of the region
-legalize Protestantism; step twd religious freedom

luther looks up to...

Okham, a voluntarist and nominalist

voluntarist believes

gods will precedes gods intellect

nominalist believes

no such thing as a defined nature

Luther's 5 theologies....

-Sola Scriptura
-Sola Fide
-Sola Gratia
-Solus Christus
-Soli Deo Gloria (glory to god alone)

"Utopia"

-Thomas More
-before his time: writes of dangers of hunting, equality of genders, religious tolerance
-problem: unequal distribution of property and money
-might have good society if based on virtue rather than property

act of supremacy

-1534
-Henry viii is pope of English church

"institutes of the Christian religion"

major book of Calvinist doctrine

TULIP of Calvinism

T otal Depravity- man it totally depraved and cannot do good
U nconditional Election- god predestines
L imited Atonement- christ only died for the elect
I rristible Grace- cant resist gods grace
P reservation of Saints

Calvin flees_____ and goes to ______

France... Geneva

Geneva

-whole town of reformed protestants
-calvin is kicked out...then called back and becomes SOLE RULER!

Calvin's geneva

-Calvin does 5 sermons a week, over 2k in his lifetime
-4 gvmnt jobs: -priests
-elders (promote discipline)
-deacons (take care of poor)
-doctors(teach abt faith)

who goes to calvins school in geneva?

John Knox

Lepanto

Muslim Ottoman Turks sea power destroyed in 1571 by Venician Christians Holy League
-lifted image of our lady of Guadalupe
-wind miraculously shifts to blow behind the Venicians

Siege of Cyprus

-Turkish muslims invade a venice colony
-they kill them all and skin their leader
-want to take over all of the Mediterranean

the Jesuits

counter reformation religious order with the best missionaries and teachers

council of Trent

counter reformation to defeat heresies and clarify doctrine

church reforms established at council of Trent:

-forbit selling indulgences
-educated and converts
-justification against luthers claims: -human cooperation w/ divine grace vs. passive reception of grace

-justification against luthers claims at council of trent:

-human cooperation w/ divine grace vs. passive reception of grace
-guidelines for art and music

complicated musical notation invented in______

1450

polyphony

Mutiple melodic lines at once

Jerusalem Reconquered

-Tasso
-most famous and popular book in Europe for 300 years, then is forgotten and mocked

Gargantua and Pantagruel

-Rabelais
-about a giant, a quest to find divine bottle
-ludicrous surface with hidden wisdom
-lesson: we take ourselves too seriously

"essays"

-invented by Montaigne
-attempts at thoughts and opininions, attempt at a true autobiography

man is "ondoyant et divers"

-Montaigne
-"wave-like and unchanging"