The Brain and Cranial Nerves Diagram

Brain stem

continuation of the spinal cord consists of the mid brain, pons, medulla oblongata

Cerebellum

A large structure of the hind brain that controls fine motor skills.

Diencephalon

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus

Cerebrum

largest part of the brain

falx cerebri

separates the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

The adult brain represents only ____ of the total body weight.

2%

Brain and Spinal cord develop from the _________.

ectoderm

Mesencephalon

the midbrain; a region of the brain that surrounds the cerebral aqueduct; includes the tectum and the tegmentum

The brain receives approximately ______ of the total blood supply.

20%

__________ and _________ carry blood to the brain.

Internal carotid and vertebral arteries

_________________ veins return blood from the brain.

Internal jugular

blood-brain barrier

protects brain from harmful substances and pathogens.

cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord, absorbs shock and protects the brain and spinal cord, transports nutrients and wastes, carries chemicals from the blood to neurons.

Ventricles

CSF filled cavities with in the brain.

Arachnoid Villus

finger like projections the reabsorbs CSF.

lateral ventricles

Ventricles located in each cerebral hemisphere.

third ventricle of brain

diencephalon

cerebral aqueduct

in the midbrain; connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

fourth ventricle

brain stem and cerebellum

medulla oblongata

controls breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

The vital centers

Centers in the brainstem that control such physiologic processes as blood pressure and pulse, depth and rate of respiration, etc

The medulla oblongata houses ______ pairs of cranial nerves.

Five

Pyramids

white mater extensions on the medulla.

medulla nuclei

masses of gray matter

Pons

both sensory and motor tracts, secondary control of respiration

mid brain

responsible for somatic(startle) reflexes, contains cranial nerves III -IV

substantia nigra

controls unconscious motor movements

red nucleus

a midbrain area that is primarily responsible for controlling voluntary movements of the limbs.

reticular formation

a nerve network that travels through the brainstem, maintains consciousness

Cerebellum function

coordinates smooth movements of skeletal muscle, subconsicious aspects of skeletal movement, regulates posture and balance.

hypothalamus function

controls autonomic nervous system, production of hormones, regulation of emotional and behavioral patterns.

epithalamus function

contains pineal gland which secretes melatonin

Thalamus function

relays almost all sensory input to cerebral cortex.

cerebrum function

thinking, personality, sensations, movements, memory, "seat of intelligence"

longitudinal fissure

separates left and right hemispheres

Four lobes of the brain

frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal

central sulcus

separates frontal and parietal lobes

precentral gyrus

primary motor area

postcentral gyrus

primary somatosensory area

basal ganglia

made up of three nuclei deep within each cerebral hemisphere, helps initiate/terminate movements, regulates muscle tone

limbic system

ring of structures on inner border of the cerebrum and floor of diencephalon, governs emotional aspects of behavior, also involved i olfaction and memory.

primary somatosensory cortex

sense of touch and temp

primary visual cortex

occipital lobe (vision), cranial nerves 3,4,6

primary auditory cortex

temporal lobe, hearing

primary gustatory cortex

base of the postcentral gyrus, taste

primary frontal cortex

conscious movements of the body

Broca's area

speech production

primary olfactory cortex

-located within temporal lobe

-provides conscious awareness of smells

cranial nerves

12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain. Sensory, motor, and mixed nerves.

olfactory nerve

Sensory nerve (I), sense of smell

optic nerve

Sensory nerve (II), vision

oculomotor nerve

motor cranial nerve (III), controls eye ball and upper eye lid.

trochlear nerve

motor nerve (IV), controls movement of the eyeball

trigeminal nerve

mixed nerve (V), three branches: opthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular. mastication.

abducens nerve

motor nerve (VI), abduction of the eyeball

facial nerve

mixed nerve (VII), taste buds and facial expression.

vestibulocochlear nerve

sensory nerve (VIII), balance and hearing

glossopharyngeal nerve

mixed nerve (IX), taste buds, release of saliva

vagus nerve

mixed nerve (X), innervates digestive organs, heart and other areas

accessory nerve

motor nerve (XI), sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles to coordinate head movements.

hypoglossal nerve

motor nerve (XII), speech and swallowing

four major regions of the brain

cerebrum, diencephalon, brainstem, cerebellum

Pineal Gland

Spinal Cord

Pituitary Gland