Exam 3 Extras Fall 25

secondary name for scaphoid

navicular

secondary name for lunate

semilunar

secondary name for triquetrum

triangular

secondary name for trapezium

greater multangular

secondary name for trapezoid

lesser multangular

secondary name for capitate

os magnum

secondary name for hamate

unciform

Projection for pronator fat stripe?

lateral wrist

projection for scaphoid fat stripe?

pa and oblique wrist

if pronating the forearm for a PA projection, what occurs between the bones of the forearm?

the proximal radius crosses over the ulna

which deviation is used to detect fractures of the scaphoid bone?

ulnar deviation

movement for humeroradial joint?

hinge

movement for humeroulnar joint?

hinge

movement for intercarpal joints?

gliding

movement for radiocarpal joint?

gliding

which nerve passes through the carpal canal?

median nerve

how do the carpal bones articulate with the radius?

proximally

which two carpal bones articulate with the radius?

scaphoid and lunate

which two carpal bones articulate with the ulna?

triquetrum and pisiform

joint type for interphalangeal joint?

hinge

joint type for mcp joint?

ellipsoidal

joint type for first cmc joint?

saddle

joint type for 2-5 cmc joints?

gliding

what are the three concentric arcs of the elbow?

-trochlear sulcus

-outer ridges of capitulum and trochlea

-trochlear notch of ulna

where do you center for AP thumb?

1st MCP joint, align thumb with long axis of IR

where do you center for PA hand?

3rd MCP joint

where do you center for PA oblique hand?

3rd MCP joint

where do you center for lateral hand?

2nd MCP joint

where do you center for lateral wrist?

midcarpal area

where do you center for PA scaphoid w/ angle

3/4 distal and medial to radial styloid process (location of scaphoid)

what angle do you use for a PA scaphoid w/angle?

10-15 degrees proximally, along long axis of forearm, towards the elbow.

where do you center for PA wrist?

midcarpal area

where do you center for PA oblique wrist?

midcarpal area

where do you center for AP forearm?

midforearm

where do you center for lateral forearm?

midforearm

where do you center for AP elbow?

mid-elbow joint

where do you center for lateral elbow?

mid-elbow joint

where do you center for AP oblique elbow (medial AND lateral rotation)?

mid-elbow joint

kVp range for hand projections?

55-65 kVp

kVp range for lateral and oblique wrist projections?

60-70 kVp

kVp range for AP thumb projection?

55-65 kVp

kVp range for scaphoid?

55-65 kVp

kVp range for PA wrist projection?

55-65 kVp

kVp range for forearm projections?

65-75 kVp

kVp range for elbow projections?

65-75 kVp

what structures are demonstrated on an external rotation for an AP shoulder projection?

greater tubercle laterally and humeral head.

what structures are demonstrated on an internal rotation for an AP shoulder projection?

lesser tubercle medially, greater tubercle superimposed.

what structures are demonstrated on a neutral rotation for an AP shoulder projection?

neither tubercle in profile, humeral head partially superimposed.

where would you place the epicondyles for an external rotation on an AP shoulder projection?

parallel to IR

where would you place the epicondyles for an internal rotation on an AP shoulder projection?

perpendicular to IR

where would you place the epicondyles for a neutral rotation on an AP shoulder projection?

45 degrees to IR

what does the radial notch of the proximal ulna articulate with?

head of the radius

what does the ulnar notch of the distal radius articulate with?

the ulna

what are the two depressions found on a lateral elbow?

olecranon fossa

coronoid fossa

how does the ulnar collateral ligament extend?

from styloid process of the ulna, to the triquetrum

how does the radial collateral ligament extend?

from styloid process of the radius to the scaphoid

what are the elbow rotational movements

flexion

extension

rotation (medial and lateral)

where can you find the scaphoid fat stripe? (wrist)

adjacent to scaphoid

where can you find the pronator fat stripes? (wrist)

anterior aspect of distal forearm

where can you find the anterior fat pad? (elbow)

in coronoid fossa

where can you find the posterior fat pad? (elbow)

in olecranon fossa

where can you find the supinator fat pad? (elbow)

near the head of the radius

what are the three positioning principles for a trauma patient (AP forearm projection)

1, part parallel to IR

2, CR perpendicular to part

3, correct IR placement

subluxation

partial dislocation

sprain

ligament injury

contusion

bruising without fracture

fracture

disruption of bone continuity

simple fx

no break in the skin

compound (open) fx

bone protrudes through skin

comminuted fx

bone is splintered or crushed

impacted fx

fracture fragments driven into each other

incomplete fx

doesn't extend across bone

baseball fx

fx at distal phalanx

boxers fx

fx of 5th metacarpal

colles' fx

fx of distal radius with posterior displacement

nursemaid elbow

subluxation of radial head

smith's fx

fx of distal radius with anterior displacement

epiphyseal fx

fx through a growth plate

3 criteria for achieving a true lateral elbow on a radiograph

-elbow flexed at 90 degrees with thumb up

-epicondyles superimposed

-radial head partially superimposed over coronoid process

what is the name given for the projection of the glenoid cavity? (AP axial)

grashey method

what is best demonstrated on the internal rotation AP oblique elbow projection?

coronoid process

the ulna articulates with what part of the humerus?

trochlea

which two structures form the hinge-like structure and movement of the elbow joint?

trochlea of humerus

olecranon fossa of ulna

two bony landmarks that are palpated for positioning of the elbow?

medial and lateral epicondyles

what action will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna?

pronation of the hand

which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?

lateral oblique

which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?

lateral elbow

how much rotation of the distal humerus is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?

45 degrees

which AP projection of the shoulder and proximal humerus is created by placing the affected palm of the hand against the thigh?

neutral rotation

what shoulder projection best demonstrates the scapulohumeral joint space?

grashey method (AP oblique projection)

what projection of the scapula should be performed using a breathing technique?

AP scapula

which projection of the fingers best demonstrates the PIP joint free of superimposition?

PA oblique

the fan lateral hand projection is used to best demonstrate:

phalanges without superimposition

which elbow projection best demonstrates the radial head free of superimposition?

AP oblique (Lateral rotation)

what structure is best demonstrated on the AP oblique (medial rotation) elbow?

coronoid process

what CR angle is used for an AP axial clavicle?

15-30 cephalic

where is the CR directed for an AP scapula

mid-scapula (2" below coracoid)

the lateral scapula projection best demonstrates?

acromion and coracoid in profile

which structure of the humerus articulates with the radial head?

capitulum

the proximal end of the ulna has the ______ _______ and _____ _____. these form the trochlear notch, which articulates with the ______

olecranon process

coronoid process

humerus