hlth 354 ch 4

musculoskeletal system

-physis

growth

oste/o

bone

crani/o

skull

cervic/o

neck

spondyl/o

vertebra

lumb/o

lower back

brachi/o

arm

dactyl/o

fingers

carp/o

wrist

costo

rib

femor/o

femur (thigh bone)

tibi/o

tibia (shin bone)

tarso

ankle

chrondr/o

cartilage

arthr/o

joint

burso

bursa (fluid sac between the bones)

tend/o, tedin/o, ten/o

tendons

my/o, muscle/o, myos/o

muscle

fasci/o

fascia

ton/o

tone, tension

kinesi/o, kinet/o

movement, motion

tax/o

arrangement, order, coordination

ankyl/o

stiff, bent

costalgia

rib pain

metatarsalagia

pain of the bones of the feet

ostalgia

bone pain

osteodynia

bone pain

spondylodenia

vertebrae pain

tibialgia

tibia (shin) pain

ankylosis

stiff joint condition

arhtraigia

joint pain

arthrodynia

joint pain

cervicodynia

neck pain

crepitation

a crackling sound heard in joints

genu valgum

knock knees

bradykinesia

slow movement

dyskinesia

inability to control movement

dystaxia

poor coordination

dystonia

abnormal muscle tone

graphospasm

writer’s cramp

hyperkinesia

excessive movement

hypertonia

increased muscle tone or tightness

hypokinesia

abnormally decreased muscle function or activity

hypotonia

reduced muscle tone or tension

myalagia

muscle pain

myasthenia

muscle weakness

myodonia

muscle pain

myospasm

muscle spasm

tenalgia

tendon pain

arthrocentesis

puncture of a joint

arthroscope

instrument for looking into a joint

arthroscopy

procedure of looking into a joint

electromyogram

record of the electrical activity in a muscle

electromyography

procedure for measuring the electrical activity of a muscle

myography

procedure for studying muscles

arthrogram

visual record of a joint

arthrography

procedure used to examine a joint

computed axial tomography (cat, ct)

imagining procedure using a computer to produce cross sections along an axis

kyphosis

humped back; abnormal forward curvature of the UPPER spine

lordosis

sway back; abnormal forward curvature of the LOWER spine

scoliosis

crooked back; abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

carpitis

wrist inflammation

craniomalacia

softening of the skull

exostosis

abnormal benign growth on the surface of a bone

fracture

a bone break

osteodystrophy

poor bone development

osteolysis

bone loss

osteonecrosis

death of bone

osteosclerosis

abnormal hardening of bone

polydactyly

extra digits

spondylitis

inflammation of the vertebrae

spondylomalacia

softening of the vertebrae

syndactyly

fusion of digits (webbing)

tarsoptosis

flat feet

bursolith

a stone in a bursa (small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in your body's joints)

effusion

fluid build up

hemarthrosis

blood within a joint

hydrathrosis

water (fluid) in a joint

pyrarthrosis

pus in a joint

atrophy

underdevelopment, decrease, or loss of muscle tissue

hypertrophy

overdevelopment of muscle tissue

myocele

hernia of muscle tissue

myolysis

loss of muscle tissue

myomalacia

softening of a muscle

myosclerosis

hardening of a muscle

myotasis

stretching of a muscle

myotonia

muscle tone

ankylosing spondylitis

a stiffening inflammation of the vertebrae

chrondro osteodystrophy

poor development of bones and cartilage

cranlosynostosis

premature fusing of skull bones

dactylitis

inflammation of the fingers

hypertonic spondylitis

overdevelopment of the vertebrae causing inflammation

osteotitis

inflammation of the bone

osteochondritis

inflammation of the bone and cartilage

osteogenesis imperfecta

brittle bone disease

osteomalacia

softening of the bone

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and bone marrow

osteopathy

bone disease

osteopenia

reduction in bone volume

osteoporosis

loss of bone density