Philosophy Exam 2

Dax Cowart

Accident, received severe burns, had treatment forced on him for months, asked for euthanasia

Active euthanasia

giving them something that would kill them

Passive euthanasia

letting them die

Dax’s dilemma

Is he competent to make this decision

Paternalism

subvert (or ignore) that patient’s will for their own good

Paternalism dilemma

what matters more, the patient’s desire or helping as much as possible

Jus ad Bellum (Justice of War)

When is it okay to go to war?

Jus ad Bellum

Legitimate authority, Just cause, Right intention, Last Resort, Probability of Success, Proportionality, Public declaration

Legitimate authority

Nation, states, rogue nations, terrorist organizations

Just cause

Defending against aggression, maintains general peace, liberating peoples

Right intention

Aim must be the same as the cause

Proportionality

anticipation of goods have to out weight the costs

Jus in Bello (Justice in War)

What is ethical once in war?

Jus in Bello

Discrimination, Proportionality, Humane treatment of prisoners, Military necessity, prohibition of unnecessary suffering

Discrimination

One must discriminate between combatants and noncombatants

Noonan

A person is anything with unique human DNA

Warren

A person is someone with social function (speech, reason, goals, desires)

Famous violinist example

You wake up from a bad car accident and there is a famous violinist that is attach to you, using your kidneys to survive. If you remove him he dies, of not he has to be attached to you for 9 months.

Thomson says…(famous violinist)

you can have him removed as the right you have to your own body supersede the right he has to life.

Marquis

utl, all possible experiences of the fetus on average good out weights potential negative consequences in almost all cases.

Warren’s cloning

Cloning only requires only a single cell of DNA, so technically every cell in our arm are possible humans. It is not required to cut off my arm to create lives, so required to maximize possible future experiences.

Competency

one’s ability to make decisions for themselves. Required ability to reason and think logically

Types of Death

Biological and Psychological

Biological death

Circulatory/brain death, Permanent (non-reversible)

Psychological death

higher brain death, can never think or experience