Metals, Non-Metals, Periodic Trends, and Alkali Metals

Vocabulary flashcards covering chemical reduction, classification of periodic table elements, periodic group and period trends, and alkali metal properties based on lecture notes.

Reduction

A chemical reaction which includes the addition of hydrogen or the removal of oxygen.

Metals

Electropositive elements that lose electrons during bond formation, always donate electrons, and form cations.

Yellow-Colored Elements (Periodic Table)

Elements that represent metals in the periodic table.

Green-Colored Elements (Periodic Table)

Elements that represent metalloids in the periodic table.

Blue-Colored Elements (Periodic Table)

Elements that represent non-metals in the periodic table.

Pink-Colored Elements (Periodic Table)

Elements that represent noble gases in the periodic table.

Heavy Metals

Elements belonging to groups 3 through 12 in the periodic table.

Electropositive Character

The property of losing electrons during bond formation and forming cations.

Group Trend: Electro-positivity

Electro-positivity increases from top to bottom due to an increase in protons, electrons, and electron shells.

Period Trend: Electro-positivity

Electro-positivity decreases from left to right across a period.

Period Trend: Force of Attraction

The force of attraction between protons ($p^+$) and electrons ($e^-$) increases from left to right across a period.

Period Trend: Shielding Effect

The shielding effect decreases from left to right across a period.

Period Trend: Ionization Energy

Ionization energy increases from left to right across a period.

Alkali Metals

The elements of group 1, excluding Hydrogen ($H$).

Alkali (Etymology)

Derived from Arabic meaning 'ashes', as alkali metals were first found in the ashes of plants.

Alkali Metals: Electronic Structure

Elements found in the s-block with $1\,e^-$ in their valence shell ($s$-subshell).

Alkali Metals: Reactivity

Highly reactive elements with low ionization energy that cannot exist in a free state.

Sodium Ionization Equation

$$Na \rightarrow Na^+ + 1\,e^-$$

Alkali Metals Reaction with Group 6 and 7

Alkali metals react with elements of group 6 and group 7 to form ionic compounds.