Ch. 10 Bio Study Guide

Cancer

Uncontrolled cell division caused by mutations in cell cycle genes.

Cell Fate

The outcome of a cell's life cycle including division, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Apoptosis

Programmed cell death that occurs when cells are damaged, old, or dangerous.

G0 phase

The resting phase cells enter when they differentiate and stop dividing.

Reasons for Cell Division

Cells divide for development, cell replacement, and repair of damaged tissue.

G1 phase

Phase where the cell grows and performs normal functions.

S phase

Phase of the cell cycle where DNA is replicated.

Sister chromatids

Identical copies of DNA connected at the centromere.

M phase

Phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and the splitting of the cell.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints

Control systems that check if a cell is ready to proceed in the cycle, preventing damaged cells from dividing.

Mitosis Steps

The stages of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

Cytokinesis

The process where cytoplasm divides to form two identical cells.

Cause of Cancer

Mutations in genes that control the cell cycle leading to checkpoint failure and uncontrolled cell division.