Aerobic Capacity Measurement & Essential of Increasing Aerobic Exercise Capcity

Direct Calorimetry

metabolic rate by measuring body heat production

Indirect calorimetry

measures energy output by oxygen consumption; open circuit spirometry

5kcal per

Liter of O2

work

force x distance

VO2

oxygen cost of energy

resting VO2 is

1 MET

power

work/time

kilogram-meter (KGM)

9.81 joules (J)

1 MET is equivalent to ____ VO2

3.5 ml/kg/min

Exercise intensity can be described in ____ as well as _____

METs & % max VO2

Maximal testing is appropriate for

normal, healthy people

submaximal testing may be appropriate for

patients with pathologies

patients with pathologies should be screened with

PAR-Q & medical screening

PAR-Q

7 question medical screening

Data monitored in graded exercise testing

Pulse, BP, EKG, RPE

graded exercise testing is completed with

treadmills, cycle ergometer, or step bench

graded exercise test is performed through a

incremental test “stepped workload”

RPE means

rating of perceived exertion

Borg scale

6-20 scale based on heart rate

0-10 scale

offers ease of understanding & familiarity

With aerobic exercise indivdiuals should see a ___ rise in systolic pressure

linear

General indications for STOPPING an exercise in healthy adults

1. Onset of angina or angina symptoms

2. Drop in systolic BP> 10 mmHg despite increased workload

3. Excessive rise in BP: Systolic >250mmHg, Diastolic >115mmHg

4. SOB, wheezing, leg cramps, or claudication

5. signs of poor perfusion: lightheadedness, confusion, ataxia, pallor, cyanosis, nausea cold, & clammy skin

6. Failure of HR to increase with an increase in exercise intensity

7. noticeable change in heart rhythm

8. subject request to stop

9. physical or verbal manifestation of severe fatigue

10. failure of testing equipment

ataxia

poor coordinated movements

METS: Walking accuracy for speeds

1.9-3.7 mph (50-100m/min)

METS: Running accuracy for speeds

>5mph (134m/min)

METS: stepping accuracy for rates

12-30/min

METS: leg cycling work rate

300-1200kg m/min (50-200W)

METS: arm cycling work rate

150-750 kg m/min (25-125W)

Cycling work rate equation

work rate (kg m/min) = resistance (kg) x distance per revolution (m) x pedal revolution (min)

Treadmill tests

1. National exercise and heart disease protocol

2. Standard Balke protocol

3. Bruce protocol

4. Astrand & Rodahl protocol

National exercise and heart disease protocol is used for

poorly fit subjects

Standard Balke Protocol is used for

normal, sedentary subjects

Bruce Protocol is used for

young, active subjects

Astrand & Rodahl protocol is used for

highly fit, athletic populations

National Exercise & heart disease Protocol

3 minute- 9 stage test, with increasing METS & GRADE, & speed (speed @ at stage 7)

Standard Balke Protocol

2 minute stages - 9 stages, increase in METS & GRADE

Standard Balke Protocol speed (mph)

stays the same in all stages

Bruce Protocol

3 minutes for 6 stages, increase in METS, SPEED, & GRADE

Astrand & Rodahl protocol

2 minutes for 5 stages, increases in METS & GRADE

Astrand & Rodahl protocol is preceded by a

vigorous warm up

Cycle Ergometer Tests

1. YMCA

2. Astrand & rhyming protocol

Cycle ergometer may underestimates VO2 max because of

sport specificity

Cycle ergometer underestimates VO2 max by

10-15%

YMCA ergometer protocol is staged by

heart rate

Astrand & Rhyming Protocol

6-minute bout, pedal rate is 50 RPM men and women are different

% HRR is nearly a perfect correlation with a persons

% VO2 max

Field test advantages:

Field test disadvantage: