aice us 1.2

tenement housing act of 1901

established strict new building codes

what were the required building codes for the tenement housing act of 1901

1. an exterior window that opens

2. its own bathroom with running water

3. a fire escape

4. wider hallways with proper lighting

jacob riis

a muckraker whose photobook House the Other Half Lives exposed the horrific living conditions of the tenements

jane addams

created settlement homes in chicago to help immigrants get on their feet

hull house

settlement home that provided child care and healthcare education

prohibitionist

person who favors the legal ban of manufacturing, transporting, and selling alcoholic beverages

what were the two approaches to drinking problems

temperance and prohibition

temperance

discourage drinking (not legally ban it)

women’s christian temperance movement

the group formed to stop the abuse of alcohol, which members viewed as the main cause of poverty, dv, and family suffering

who created the women’s christian temperance movement

francis willard

when was the women’s christian temperance movement created

1873

prohibition

legally ban all alcohol

anti saloon league

goal was to amend the constitution to ban alcohol

supported political campaigns that would support their mission

when was the anti saloon league started

1893

18th amendment

banned the production, transport, and sale of alcohol

when was the 18th amendment created

1919

carrie nation

“the saloon smasher” believed that nonviolence wasnt working. she was known for smashing up saloons with her hatchet

suffragette

people who supported the women’s right to vote

seneca falls convention

purpose was to demand equal treatment for women including the right to vote

when was the seneca falls convention

1848

why did the 15th amendment cause conflict

formerly enslaved men got suffrage under the 15th amendment. some women argued that the amendment should include women as well. the AWSA supported the 15th out of fear that adding women to the amendment would cause it to not pass

national women suffrage association (NWSA)

opposed the 15th amendment bc it did not include women

focused on federal action to gain suffrage by lobbying congress

when was the nwsa created

1869

american equal rights association

opposed the 15th amendment bc they believed all ppl (no matter race or gender) should have the right to vote

american women suffrage association (AWSA)

supported the 15th amendment as a necessary step toward complete political equality

focused on state govs to gain suffrage; they hoped if enough states gave women the right to vote, the constitution might be amended

NWSA and AWSA merged into one group to target both levels of gov

when did NWSA and AWSA merge

1890

lucretia mott

organized the seneca falls convention

started the american equal rights association

fought for suffrage and women’s right to divorce

abolitionist but opposed the 15th amendment bc it didnt include women

susan b anthony

started NWSA

abolitionist but didnt support the 15th amendment

known for purposefully breaking the law to test the 14th and 15th amendment

died in 1909, 11 years before women gained suffrage

elizabeth cady stanton

organized the seneca falls convention

started NWSA with Susan B. Anthony

fought for women’s right to own property, vote, and gain custody of children in divorces

abolitionist but opposed the 15th bc it didnt include women

lucy stone

organized the seneca falls convention

created AWSA

created the Women’s Journal

supported the 15th

carrie chapman catt

replaced elizabeth cady stanton as president of NAWSA

winning plan

winning plan

focus solely on voting rights and loby for a constitutional amendemnt, focus on states that would support suffrage and ignore the rest

why was the winning plan successful

several states gave women the right to vote

alice paul

left NAWSA out of passive frustration to form the National Woman’s Party (NWP)

wanted a more aggressive form of action like petitions, candidate financial support, picketing, parades

illegally voted to be arrested so they could bring awareness

organized a continuous 2 year protest outside the white house called the “silent sentinels”

which major influencers supported the 15th

lucy stone

which major influenceres opposed the 15th

lucretia mott, susan b anthony, elizabeth cady stanton

which major influencers organized the seneca falls convention

lucretia mott, elizabeth cady stanton, lucy stone

what were methods used by suffragettes

street speaking, propaganda, parades, pageants, women’s clubs, conventions, picketing, and imprisonment

street speaking

challenging ideas abt proper behavior for women, suffragists took to the street and began speaking to crowds of men

how did women prepare for street speaking

went to speechmaking bootcamps where they learned how to talk to crowds

propaganda

activists mounted an all out propaganda blitz including buttons, shopping bags, playing cards, electric signs, and billboards

what was the most well known piece of propaganda

a poster

what was the winning image for the poster contest

Votes for Women by Bertha Baye

parades

grand national suffrage parade in the capital planned by Alice Paul and Lucy Burns

march 1913 - thousands of women descended on washington dc

led by inez millholland, more than 5k activists marched in pennsylvania

revived the crusade for federal suffrage amendment (despite the violence)

pageants

repurposed theater, staging artful, dramatic pageants with a feminist message

in 1913, alice paul convinced officials to clear the steps of the treasury building and 100 women and children performed an epic pageant called “The Allegory”

worked and shared top billing (got a lot of attention)

women’s clubs

ida b wells under alpha suffrage club had helped add more than 3k votes to the voter rolls

alpha suffrage club mobilized on aggressive grassroots campaign (leaflets to educate the public)

AA women voted for Oscar De Priest (chicago’s first black alderman) which forced city officials to recognize that omwne could/would change the outcome of elections

conventions

long been used by suffragists as a forum to debate political strategies and to develop lobbying and organizing tactics

1916 convention by carrie chapman outlined the winning plan

picketing

protested outside white house gates

called the “silent sentinels”

some served jail time and faced mobs

imprisonment

refused to do labor until they were acknowledged as political prisoners

refused to eat

force fed brutally

powered thru horrific treament

when did arrests of suffragettes start

june 20, 1917

who were the only women of color to gain suffrage immediately after the 19th amendment was ratified

african americans

bow did the states try to make it hard for african american women to vote

literacy tests, poll takes, intimidation, voter ids, threats, etc

when did asian american women get the right to vote

1952

what was the opposition of women getting rights argument

women do not belong in politics - their place is in the home

voting would weaken american families - women would become bad moms and wives

women are not smart enough

women voting goes against scripture

what happened in 1868 for womens suffrage

wyoming territory first to grant suffrage to women - 22 states will follow between 1893-1918

what happened in 1879 for womens suffrage

the second proposed amendment - it doesnt get 2/3 vote from congress

what happened in 1869 for womens suffrage

first proposed amendment - doesnt get 2/3 vote from congress

what happened in 1887 for womens suffrage

the 3rd proposed amendment - doesnt get 2/3 vote from congress

what happened in 1913 for womens suffrage

the 4th proposed amendment - the house of reps pass it, but the senate doesnt

thousands of women parade down the streets of Washington DC, met with large crowds that physically assaulted them…. finiash later

what happened in 1917 for womens suffrage

when men went to war (world war 1), women replaced them in factories to build war resources and held down the farms to group crops. women enlisted as nurses and secretaries in the war

what happened in 1918 for womens suffrage

president wilson was very impressed by the women. in 1918, he addressed the senate in support of amending the constitution with his endorsement. congress finally passed the 19th amendment, ¾ of —- finish later—- ratified later

what happened in 1920 for womens suffrage

idk check ppt to fill

what was the goal of the progressive era

reform and progress, fix the political, economic and social wrongs of the gilded age

what were the origins of the progressive era

born out of the popilist party idea that the “avg guy” needs to be treated better

not a political party (there were progressive republicans, progressive democrats, black progressives, etc.)

muckrakers

journalists who exposed corruptions and ills of society

when did the progressive era take place

1890s-1920s

what were the impacts on the progressive era

public opinion become “progressive”

progressive laws were passed

progressive candidates were winning elections - corrupt politicans were kicked out of office

secret ballot

people could vote anonymously

no more intimidation

they could vote for who they actually wanted

direct elections of city council

political machines were replaced by group of elected officials (elected by the ppl)

civil service system

judges and police chiefs elected

civil service system

gov employees must prove merit (no more spoils system)

what were the solutions to party machines and city bosses

secret ballots and a city council

what were the solutions to state legislatures being controlled by the wealthy

initiatives, referendums, recall elections

initiatives

a bill originated by the ppl instead of state lawmakers

referendum

the ppl vote to make something a law (skips the state legislatures all tgt)

recall election

the people could remove a corrupt official from office before their term was up

what was the solution to people not being able to elect senators

the 17th amendment

17th amendment (1913)

allowed the ppl in each state to elect their 2 senators in congress (before, state legislatures picked the senators- those senators were usually loyal to the legislatures that picked them, not the actual citizens)

what were the solutions to government ineffiency

scientific management, 16th amendment

scientific management

using data to manage the gov to make it run more efficiently

16th amendment (1913)

allowed congress to collect an income tax on the ppl to pay for this new “effiency model”

what were the solutions to monopolies

sherman antitrust act of 1890, clayton antitrust act of 1914, federal trade commision 1914, muckraker ida tarbell

sherman antitrust act of 1890

trusts that monopolized one industry were illegal (restricted trade)

problem = rlly hared to prosecute - had to proive it did restrict free trade

SAA was used to break up Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company into 34 separate companies

clayton antitrust act of 1914

stopping anti-competitive business practices before they can fully form monopolies (passed to strengthen the sherman antitrust act)

federal trade commission 1914

group to help president enforce the clayton antitrust act - ftc had the power to make rules corporations had to follow, investigate possible violations and give fines if they found rules were broken

ida tarbell

her reporting in History of the Standard Oil Company was used to take down Standard Oil using the Sherman Antitrust. this book will be used to pass many other laws in the future

what were the solutions to the problem of product regulation

muckraker upton sinclair, meat inspection act of 1906, pure food and drug act of 1906

upton sinclair

his book The Jungle exposed the meat packing industry; following its publication, Britain, Germany, and France banned US meat products

meat inspection act of 1906

prohibit the sale of food adulteration or misbranded meat products and ensure sanitary slaughtering and processing

inspections by the US department of agriculture (USDA)

strict sanitation rules and honest labels

pure food and drug act of 1906

illegal to make, sell, or ship bad, dirty, poisonous, or fake food and medicines across state lines

labels had to be true and show if a product contained risky items like alcohol, cocaine, heroin, or cannibis

medicine had to meet official purity levels set by groups like the united states pharmacopeia

child labor should be banned

kids need to be in school

school should be mandatory

child labor should not be banned

kids are needed to contribute to household income

some kids would rather work than go to school

mother jones

organized child labor strikes and used the media to spread wareness; she used injured children as examples and led a 200 kid march in nyc

what were the solutions to child labor

keating owens act of 1916, hammer v davenhart 1918

keating owens act of 1916

banned the sales of products that were made in a factory that employed children under 14 (under 16 in coal mines) or anywhere that employed children for more than 8 hrs a day or worked at night

hammer v davenhart 1918

scotus case heard in 1918; ruled congress didnt have the power to regulate production rather than commerce

scotus continued to strike down all attempts at child labor laws

what were the solutions to tenement housing conditions

tenement housing act of 1901, jacob riis, jane addams settlement houses