MIE 201 - Exam 3

What are the 4 functions of managers?

Planning, organizing, directing, and controlling

What activities involve the function of planning?

Determining the organization’s objectives and deciding how to accomplish them

What activities involve the function of organizing?

Structuring of resources to accomplish objectives in an efficient manner

What activities involve the function of directing?

Motivating and leading employees to complete work efficiently

What activities involve the function of controlling?

Evaluating and correcting activities to keep organization on course; measuring performance

Which function of management determines objectives and decides how to accomplish them?

Planning

Which function of management structures resources?

Organizing

Which function of management motivates and leads employees?

Directing

Which function of management measures performance and tries to keep company on course?

Controlling

What does a strategic plan mean?

The plan is one year or longer; example would be expanding globally

What does a tactical plan mean?

A plan that is one year or less; example would be increasing social media presence over the year

What does a operational plan mean?

A short-term plan; an example would be weekly inventory checklist

What does a contingency plan mean?

Planning for potential disasters: hurricanes, database shut down

What skills are needed to have technical expertise?

Specialized knowledge and training required to perform jobs related to their area of management

What skills are needed to have conceptual expertise?

The ability to think in abstract terms. To see how parts fit together to make a whole

What skills are needed to have analytical expertise?

The ability to identify relevant issues and recognize their importance. To think about a broad range of issues, weigh different actions, then take action

What skills are needed to have human relation expertise?

Ability to deal with people, both inside and outside of the organization

What does organizational culture mean?

A firm’s shared values, beliefs, traditions, principles, rules, and role models for behavior

What is specialization?

The division of labor into small, specific tasks.

What does it mean when you master one task rather than them all?

Specialization

Why is overspecialization bad?

Employees could become bored and dissatisfied with their jobs

What is departmentalization?

The grouping of jobs into working units usually called departments, units, or divisions

What is an example of functional departmentalization?

Grouping jobs into finance, manufacturing, marketing, and Human Resources

What is product departmentalization?

Organized jobs around the products of the firm

Which term duplicates functions and resources?

Product departmentalization

What is an example of product departmentalization?

One company having food and refreshment, beauty and personal care, and home care

What does customer departmentalization?

It arranges jobs around the needs of various types of customers. Allows companies to address unique requirements of different groups

What is a centralized organization?

Authority is concentrated at top. There is very little decision making delegated to lower levels

What is a decentralized organization?

Decision making is delegated as far down the chain of command as possible

What type of organizations are decentralized?

Organizations that operate in complex, unpredictable environments

What does span of management represent?

Refers to the number of subordinates who report to a particular manager

What is a committee?

A permanent, formal group that does a specific task

What is a task force?

A temporary group of employees responsible for bringing a particular change; typically from across all departments within an organization

What type of organizations structure is the simplest?

Line structure

What goes into a line structure organization?

Direct lines of authority that extend from the top manager to employees at the lowest level

Which organizational structure is a traditional line relationship between superiors and subordinates?

Line-and-Staff structure

What goes into a Line-and-Staff organization?

A traditional line relationship between superiors and subordinates. Line managers focus on their area of expertise and staff managers provide support if needed

What goes into a multidivisional organization?

They organize departments into larger groups. This is usually needed when companies grow and diversify

Which form of organizational structure organizes departments into larger groups?

Multidivisional structure

What goes into a matrix/project management structure?

It sets up teams from different departments, thereby creating two or more intersecting lines of authority. Also need when growth and diversification happens

Which two forms of organizations structure are needed when growth and diversification happen?

Multidivisional structure and matrix structure

Which form of organizational structure sets up teams from different departments and creates two or more intersecting lines of authority?

Matrix structure/Project management structure

What does grapevine communication mean?

It is the most significant type of informal communication. It’s a channel of information that people talk to outside of the formal structure

What is an applicant tracking system?

These systems can create job listings, collect applications, and schedule interviews. It makes the overall application process much easier

What did the civil rights act of 1964 do for employees?

It prohibited discrimination in employment

What law prohibited discrimination in employment?

Civil Rights act of 1964

What is the EEOC?

The Equal Employment Opportunity Comission

What does the EEOC do for people?

Increases job opportunities for women and underrepresented groups

Which process involves these 4 components: The application, the interview, testing, and reference checking

Selection

What is a performance appraisal?

A way to give employees feedback on what they are doing and how they need to improve on it

What is turnover?

When employees quit or are fired

What is bad about the turnover process?

It is expensive and consumes a lot of time

What are examples of primary characteristics?

Age, gender, race, ethnicity

What are examples of secondary characteristics?

Education, work background, income, marital status, parental status, geographic location

What are examples of indirect financial compensation?

Cafeteria benefits, access to good insurance

What are examples of nonmenetary compensation?

A good office, good parking near building

What are examples of non-financial benefits?

Working from home, flexibility with schedule

What does picketing mean?

To publicly protest against management practices. Usually occurs at the employees site of work

What does bringing in conciliation mean?

Bringing in a neutral third party to keep labor and management talking. Helps both sides focus on negotiations

What does it mean when you bring in a neutral third party to help with negotiations?

Conciliation

What is the negotiation process between management and unions called?

Collective bargaining

What type of reward is personal satisfaction?

Intrinsic reward

What type of reward is benefits/recognition?

Extrinsic reward

What does the classical theory of motivation entail?

That money is the sole motivator for workers

Which study went over physical conditions in the workplace and how it related to productivity?

The Hawthorne Studies

What are The Hawthorne Studies?

A study to determine how physical conditions in the workplace correlate with productivity from employees

What is the base idea of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

That basic needs at the bottom need to be fulfilled before higher-level goals can be pursued

What is the most basic need in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Physiological needs

What are Physiological needs?

Water, food, shelter, clothing. Essentials for life

What are the five layers of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

Physiological, security, social, esteem, and self-actualization

What does self-actualization mean?

Maximizing ones potential

What are hygiene factors for Herzberg’s two factor theory?

Relating to the work setting and not the work itself: adequate wages, safe working conditions, job security

What are motivational factors for Herzberg’s two factor theory?

Relates to the content of work itself: achievement, recognition, involvement, responsibility

What are the two factors for Herzberg’s two factor theory?

Hygiene and motivational factors

What does Theory X mean?

It assumes that workers generally dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs

What does Theory Y mean?

Assumes that workers like to work under proper conditions and will seek out responsibilities

What does Theory Z mean?

Management philosophy that stresses employee participation in all aspects: Utilizes a lot of trust, managers and workers share responsibility

Which theory assumes workers dislike work and must be forced to do their jobs?

Theory X

Which theory assumes that employees like to work and they will seek out responsibility?

Theory Y

Which theory requires a lot of trust between employee and manager for them to work together and share responsibility?

Theory Z

Which theory measures how much people are willing to participate based on their assessment of fairness?

The Equity Theory

What does The Equity Theory mean?

How much people are willing to contribute based on their assessment of fairness

Which theory says that motivation is not only based on how much a person wants something, but how likely they think they are to get it?

Expectancy Theory

What does the Expectancy Theory mean?

Motivation is not only based on how much a person wants something, but how likely they think they are to get it

Which theory uses goals as motivation for employees?

Goal-Setting theory

Which theory is closely related to behavior modification?

Reinforcement theory

Which motivation strategy changes behavior by relating consequences to the behavior itself?

Behavior modification

Which theory says that behavior can be strengthen or weakened through the use of rewards or punishment?

Reinforcement Theory

What does reinforcement theory mean?

That behavior can be strengthen or weakened through the use of rewards or punishment

What does job rotation mean?

Workers rotate through jobs to prevent overspecialization

What does job enlargement mean?

Adds more tasks to a job instead of treating each task as separate

Why is job enlargement used?

To prevent boredom and overspecialization

What does job enrichment mean?

To incorporate motivational factors into a job

Which strategy for motivating employees incorporates motivational factors into a job?

Job Enrichment

Which program allows employees to choose their starting and ending times?

Flextime

What does Flextime mean?

Allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as it’s during a core period

What does job sharing mean?

When two people do one job

Why would someone job share?

If they have other responsibilities that are required other than work