Full Set Year 8 Science

What Is the difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles; meanwhile Prokaryotic cells do not.

What are the 7 things an organism must do to be classified as living?

Movement, Response to Stimuli, Cellular Respiration, Assimilation, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion.

What is cellular respiration?

It is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into useable energy in the form of ATP

How do heterotrophs obtain glucose?

By consuming other organisms

How do autotrophs obtain glucose?

Through photosynthesis

What is the equation for Aerobic respiration

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

List all the levels in the hierarchal organisation within the organism

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Explain to the wall what tissues are

A group of similar cells with the same basic structure that perform the same function and provide an example

Explain to the wall what organs are and provide an example

They are composed of different types of tissues, made to carry out a particular function

Explain to the wall what organ systems are and provide an example.

Consists of a group of organs that work to carry out a particular function

What is Digestion

The process where food is physically and chemically broken down so that the nutrients can be absorbed in the blood stream

What is Mechanical Digestion, provide an example

The physical aspect of breaking the food into smaller pieces to increase the surface area

What is chemical digestion? (provide an example)

When enzymes break down the food into smaller simper substances, so that they can be absorbed in the bloodstream.

What is the difference be tween Mechanical and Chemical Digestion?

One physically breaks down the food to increase its surface area , while the other chemically breaks the food down to be absorbed in the blood stream.

Where is the Amylase Enzyme Located in the body?

Mouth and small intestine

What does the Amylase Enzyme break down? and what does it become?

Starch becomes Glucose

Where is the Protease Enzyme located?

Stomach and Small Intestine

What does the Protease Enzyme breakdown? and what does it become

Proteins become Amino Acids

Where is lipase enzyme located?

Pancreas, Stomach and Small intestine

What does the Lipase Enzyme Breakdown? and what does it become?

Fats become Glycerol and fatty acids

Define how the Mouth and Salivary Glands assist the Digestive System

The mouth is where the food enters. The salivary glands break down the food with saliva that has proteins like Amylase and Lipase.

Define how the Oesophagus and Epiglottis assist the Digestive System.

The Oesophagus transports the food from the mouth to the stomach. The epiglottis stops the food from going down the trachea .

Define How The duodenum works and assists the Digestive System

Its the first 10cm of the small intestine and its where the bile and enzymes enter the small intestine

Explain How the Small and large intestine assist the digestive system

The small Intestine is where the nutrients is absorbed into the blood stream through the villi. The large intestine is where the indigestible food is passed through and water and electrolytes are absorbed.

What is osmosis?

The movement of water across a membrane from high water concentration to low water concentration.

Is food dye spreading through a beaker filled with water osmosis or diffusion

Osmosis

What is Diffusion

The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Is body spray spreading evenly throughout the room from the corner of the room osmosis or diffusion

diffusion

True or false : Osmosis and diffusion are passive processes (doesnt impact energy levels of the organ)

True

True or false : Osmosis and diffusion are not passive processes

false

What are Villi?

They are what are in the small intestine to absorb the nutrients into the bloodflow

How do the villi absorb the nutrients into the bloodlfow?

Diffusion

What is the circulatory systems main role? explain to the wall

To transport substances like oxygen, nutrients and hormones

What are the key 3 things that make up the circulatory system?

The heart, Blood, Blood Vessels

What us the main vein from the head called

Superior Vena Cava

What us the main vein from the body called

Inferior Vena Cava

What is the vein from the gut to the liver called

the hepatic portal vein

What is the artery to the liver called

The Hepatic artery

Name the two circuts of the circulatory system and what they do

The pulmonary circuit pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart. The systemic circuit carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body's tissues, the deoxygenated blood then returns to the heart.

Explain the pulmonary circut

pumps deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and returns the oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart.

Explain the systemic circut

carries oxygen rich blood from the left ventricle to the body's tissues, the deoxygenated blood then returns to the heart.

How does the lung fit into the circulatory system

It oxygenates the blood coming from the right ventricle.

Where are the right and left atria/atrium located?

At the top

Atrium, top or bottom part

top

ventricle, top or bottom part

bottom

Where are the right and left ventricles located?

at the bottom bottom

Explain how the circulatory system works (yes all of it) to the wall.

Hit all these points:
-Unoxygenated blood comes through the (either superior or inferior) vena cava
-passes through the right atrium into the right ventricle
-Heads up to Pulmonary artery into lungs
-Lungs oxygenate
-Travels back through the pulmonary vein and then into the left ventricle, then the left atrium
-blood then travels through the aortas all throughout the body

What does pulmonary mean

lungs

What do the pulmonary veins and arteries do

Transport blood to and from the heart to the lungs

Where are the superior and inferior vena cavas?

Superior vena cava comes from the head and upper body (Remember top)
Inferior vena cava comes from the lower body (bottom = inferior)

whats an artery

An artery pushes blood away from the heart

whats a vein

A vein pushes the blood towards the heart

List each vein and artery and part of the heart used in the circulatory system

Superior Vena Cava, Inferior Vena Cava, Right Ventricle, Right Atrium, Pulmonary Artery, Lungs, Pulmonary Vein, Left Atrium, Left Ventricle, Aorta A and B.

What do the acsending and descending aorta do in the circulatory system?

Transport the oxygenated blood out of the heart into the body

What is a capillary

Extremely thin blood vessels

Why do the artery walls need to be thicker?

The pressure inside is high as the heart is actively pumping blood through the body.

Why do the walls of the capilleries need to be very, very thin?

to allow rapid and efficient exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste between blood and tissues.

Why do veins need valves but arteries do not?

The veins dont have the blood being actively pumped towards the heart, they need to valves to stop the backflow of blood

What is the role of the respiratory system?

to facilitate gas exchange: taking in vital oxygen from the air and expelling the carbon dioxide produced by cells.

What Organ controls inhilation

Diaphram

Which intakes more air, nasal cavity or mouth

nasal cavity

What filters the air in the nasal cavity

nose hairs

What is the back of the nose called

Pharynx

In the Pharynx, what can we find?

Mucus and trapped particles

what is the epiglottis

it is what seperates the trachea from the oseophagus

What do parts of the body help stop food going into the trachea

The epiglottis and the larynx

What is the trachea

The breathing tube that takes the air down to the lungs

How many bronchi branch from the trachea

2

What are the smallest tubes in the lungs called

Bronchioles

From the bronchioles, where does the oxygen go?

Into the alveoli

What do the alveoli do

The oxygen diffuses from the sack into the blood and nearby tissues, the blood is then transported to the heart

List each part used in the Respiratory system

Mouth, Nose, Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Epiglottis, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli,

List each part used in the Digestive System

Mouth, Salivary Glands, Oesophagus, Stoumach, Duonodenum, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

How does the stoumach assist the Digestive system

It mixes and churns the food with digestive juices

The avieolis walls are only ( fill in ) thick and surrounding the aveoli is a dense network of ( fill in )

One Cell, Capillaries

Explain how gas exchange occurs at the aveoli

The oxygen from inside the sacs cross the thin walls into the capilleires, the carbon dioxide comes in from the thin walls and is exhaled out.

Explain why the movement of direction for the carbon dioxide and oxygen are different in the gas exchange

Because the oxygen is being taken to be used, while the carbon dioxide is being discarded.

Is there high or low concentration in the aveoli at the begginging of the gas exchange

High

True or false: During the gas exchange oxygen diffuses from the alveoli to the blood from high concentration to low concetratiom

True

What is the purpose of the Excretory System?

To remove waste products that result from the bodys chemical reactions

Explain how Excretion and Elimination are different

Excretion is getting rid off the bodys own waste from chemical reactions. Elimination is the removal of undigested waste.

What three organs are apart of the excretory system

Lungs, Kidney, Skin

How do kidneys excrete?

Urinating

What waste products are removed from Kidney Excretion?

Water, Dissolved Salts and Urea

How do lungs excrete?

Exhaling

What is the scientific word for what the kidneys do

Osmoregulation

what is a nephron made out of (outline parts)

Glumerulus (big bag of capiliaries), twisted tubule (surounded by a network of capillaries)

How does skin excrete?

Sweating

Explain to the wall how the kidneys work

The blood comes in from the renal artery and into the kidneys, the kidney recieves the blood and filters it through the nephrons, the nephrons than pass it back into the kidney, which transports it into the bladder , where it is held in the bladder untill it is ready to pass throught the ureathra.

Explain the three stages of filtration in the nephron

Filtration, the blood pressure in the glomerulus is high, which allows for the small molecules in the blood to be squeezed out through the small pores, this then enters the tubule. Reabsorption, the filtrate then transports through the tubule with any useful molecules being reabsorbed into the bloodstream through the capillaries surrounding the tubule. Secretion, at the end of the tubule any left, unwanted molecules that remain, such as urea can also be secreted into the tubule. This all then enters into a collection duct where the filtrate is transported to the bladder.

What 6 things makes a plant a Plant?

-Eukaryotic
-Multicellular
-Photosynthesises
-Autotrophic
-Sessile (Fixed in place)
-Made of plant cells

What are the 4 features of a typical plant cell?

-Cell wall made of Cellulite
-Chloroplasts
-Vacuole
-Often have a regular shape

What scientific group are flowering plants put into

Angiosperms

How many systems do Angiosperms

Angiosperms have two systems, the shoot and the reproductive system

What aspects of the plant are in the root system

Roots

What does the root system do

It supports the plant and, absorbs water, minerals and nutrients from the soil

What two sub sections are in the shoot system

The vegetive part, and the reproductive part

What does the shoot system do

It photosynthesises and gives energy to the plant

What parts of the shoot system are in the reproductive part

Flowers and fruits

What parts of the shoot system are in the vegetive part

The stem and leaves