hard stuff from chapter 10

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17 Terms

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Initiation (transcription)

RNA polymerase attaches to a specific section of DNA called the promoter.

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Elongation (transcription)

RNA polymerase moves along the DNA and builds a matching mRNA strand.
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Termination (transcription)

RNA polymerase reaches the termination region, detaches, and releases the mRNA.
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Initiation (translation)

The ribosome attaches to the mRNA at the start codon, AUG.
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Elongation (translation)

tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome. The ribosome connects the amino acids together to build a polypeptide.
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Termination (translation)

The ribosome reaches a stop codon and releases the completed polypeptide.
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transcription

is the process of making an mRNA copy using DNA as a template

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Translation

is the process of using mRNA instructions to build a polypeptide (protein).

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Ribosome
Reads the mRNA instructions and joins amino acids.
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tRNA
Carries amino acids to the ribosome.
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Codon
Three bases on mRNA.
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Anticodon
Three bases on tRNA that match a codon.
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AUG
Start codon; tells translation to begin.
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Codon
Found on mRNA.
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Anticodon
Found on tRNA.
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tRNA
Transports amino acids to the ribosome.
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AUG
Starts translation.