Exam 3: Unit 7 Cardiovascular System Ch 25-26

How does the body remove wastes related to perfusion?

Perfusion (the flow of blood) picks up cellular wastes

What side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood through the body?

Left

What side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs to get oxygenated?

Right

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

Usually arteries

Which type of blood vessel is able to squeeze blood to raise blood pressure?

Arteries

How do veins keep the blood directed to the heart and from backflowing?

Valves

How might prolonged standing contribute to varicose veings?

Gravity acts on the blood and causes pooling

What does a varicose vein look like?

It is squiggly and stretched out

What could happen to the skin of a limb with venous insufficiency?

Can cause skin to die

How does a thrombus differ from an embolus?

A thrombus is a blood clot: a mass of aggregated platelets and RBCs and it’s attached to the vessel. An embolus is a moving clot.

What factors can lead to a blood clot?

Hypercoagulability, venous stasis, endothelium damage

What are some common symptoms  of a blood clot in a deep leg vein?

Throbbing, cramping, redness, swelling, hard or sore veins, larger calf diameter

What part of the body is a venous clot likely to form? 

Calf

What happens when a blood clot dislodges and travels to the lung?

Pulmonary embolism

What are the most common risk factors for a pulmonary embolus?

Previous thrombotic event (current DVT), surgery in the last 2 months, recent lower limb trauma, sedentary travel, pregnancy, oral contraceptives

What are some expected signs and symptoms of someone with a pulmonary embolism?

Dyspnea, tachycardia, chest pain, hypotension, fever

Is high blood cholesterol a modifiable or non-modifiable risk factor for CV disease?

Modifiable

Is hypertension a modifiable or non-modifiable risk factor?

Modifiable

Distinguish between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors

Modifiable risk factors are factors you can control and non-modifiable risk factors are out of your control

What blood pressure numbers are considered normal?

120/80 or less

What blood pressure numbers are considered Stage 1 Hypertension?

130-139/80-89

What role does sodium play in risk factors for HTN (hypertension)?

High sodium draws more water into the blood vessels increasing pressure

Do most who have HTN - have symptoms or are they asymptomatic?

Asymptomatic

Is there an increased or decreased blood flow resistance with HTN?

Increased

What does the systolic number represent? What does the diastolic number represent?

Systolic: contracting pressure. Diastolic: resting pressure.

What system controls blood pressure?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

What happens to the kidneys as a result of HTN?

Hypertensive nephropathy: chronic renal failure

How might the heart and brain be affected by HTN?

Stroke, hypertensive encephalopathy, heart attack, hypertensive cardiomyopathy (heart failure)

What blood pressure is considered hypotension?

<90/60

What does the medical term syncope mean?

Fainting

Why might blood pressure drop when standing quickly? And what is the syndrome called?

The body is not able to adapt to the new posture fast enough and the blood pressure is too low for the new posture