Quiz 4 - 850 - Fuchs/Fuchs 2010 and Richard-Tutor 2013

No Child Left Behind

The bell curve doesn’t exist
– Every child can achieve at expected standards
• With the “right” general education, high-incidence disabilities will
disappear

The central focus of the IDEA’s conceptualization of RTI is

a tool in the identification of children with learning disabilities

The IDEA camp emphasizes the ___ ___ approach

standard protocol

standard protocol approach

A top-down approach that involves rigorous adherence and fidelity to scientifically

validated instructional and intervention practices

Because the focus is on a less biased method of LD ID, the standard
protocols must be ____. Why?

replicable. If everyone is doing something different, then we cannot make judgements on who has or has not responded, and therefore LD becomes a contextually engineered description

In the IDEA camp, teachers are viewed as…

expert technicians. They emphasize adherence to empirically based protocols.

in general, the standard protocol improves…

everyone’s learning

McLaughlin (2010) on NCLB

“Underperforming children are not qualitatively
different from nondisabled students; they do not require vastly different
and highly specialized curriculum or instruction, rather they differ only in
the degree of underachievement and/or behavior problems.”

In the NCLB group, RTI is a part of education reform, emphasizing…

early intervention and the unification of general and
special education

What is the problem with NCLB?

General and Special Education operate in silos

Creates a system of Haves and Have Nots
• The Haves get civil rights protection because of disability identification
• The Have Nots, even if they are struggling at an equal or greater degree,
are not protected and do not get individualized instruction

Instead of standard approach, the NCLB group emphasizes…

flexible problem solving

Children are different in terms of degree, not classification
• Instruction and intervention must be flexible
– Standardization of instruction at Ts1-3 reduces flexibility to individualize supports

differentiated instruction (opposite of standard approach)

• in general education as as tiers progress

NCLB: _____ is not the goal, ____ towards individual differences

replication; differentiation

What does the research say?

• Standard protocol is superior to “problem solving” in
practice
– Most teachers don’t differentiate
Problem: There aren’t enough standard protocols
– Forces most teachers to rely on some variant of problem
solving