Africa - Toto

Riff B (5)

1. On beat

2. Marimba

3. Quavers

4. 4th apart

5. B major pentatonic scale

Riff A (6)

1. Syncopated → on beat

2. Dotted crotchet, quavers, crotchet, minim, minim tied to semibreve

3. Synthesiser

4. Stacatto

5. A, G#min, C#min

6. Root position

Introduction (9)

1. MF

2. syncopated

3. Riff A + Riff B

4. Cut common time (2/2)

5. First instrument - percussion

6. Second instrument - keyboard/ synthesiser

7. Third instrument - marimba

8. Monophonic → homophonic

9. C#min

   
   

Verse 1 (12)

1. Syncopated

2. Mostly conjunct

3. Melisma

4. Sybalic

5. Riff a at the end of each phrase

6. Lead and male backing vocals

7. 2 bar drum fill

8. Drum

9. Synthesiser

10. Bass guitar

11. Homophonic

12. B maj

Chorus 1 +2 (14)

1. Forte

2. Ties

3. syncopated

4. Dotted crotchets

5. Riff A+ B at the end

6. Narrow range

7. Conjunct

8. Male vocals

9. Electric guitar

10. Power chords

11. Distorted

12. Harmony builds to three voices

13. A maj

14. Diatonic

Verse 2 (9)

1. Shorter that verse 1

2. Countermelody

3. Synth

4. Flute

5. Conjunct

6. Legato

7. 1 bar drum fill instead of 2

8. More backing vocals than verse 1

9. B maj

Instrumental (16)

1. Generally on beat

2. End of phrase is syncopated

3. Parallel 4

4. 2 9-bar phrases

5. Based on riff b

6. Starts descending

7. Mix of conjunct and disjunct notes

8. Both ascending and descending

9. Grace notes

10. Riff at middle and end

11. Synth

12. Marimba

13. Flute

14. Voice at the end

15. Homophonic

16. B Maj pentatonic

Chorus 3 (10)

1. Longer than other choruses

2. Melismatic

3. Virtuosic

4. Improv

5. High register

6. Electric guitar at the end of each phrase

7. Thicker texture

8. Polyphonic

9. A Maj diatonic

10. root position

Outro (6)

1. decrescendo

2. Syncopated

3. Riff a and b

4. Bass guitar

5. At the end we are left with percussion and marimba

6. C#min