A&P EXAM II

Integumentary System

Includes the skin and its derivatives such as hair, nails, and glands.

Dermatology

The area of science that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders.

Cutaneous Sensory Receptors

These are located throughout the skin and function by detecting stimuli on the surface of the skin.

Keratinization

The process in which cells develop in the Stratum Basale and migrate upwards over time.

Melanocytes

Cells in the epidermis that synthesize and store melanin.

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Most numerous type of sweat gland, primarily located on the palms and soles.

Sebaceous (Oil) Glands

Glands located all over the body that secrete an oily substance called sebum.

Melanin

A brown or black pigment produced by melanocytes that gives skin its color.

Albinism

Inherited inability to produce melanin.

Vitamin D Production

Begins when UV light strikes special molecules in the skin, leading to the formation of active Vitamin D.

Immunity

The skin contributes to the immune response through cells like Langerhan’s cells.

Acne

Inflammation of sebaceous glands that leads to formation of pimples.

Osteology

The study of the structure and function of bones.

Ossification

The process by which bone forms.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures.

Cartilage

A flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the body including joints.

Haversian System

A structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric lamellae.

Tendons

Connective tissue cords that attach muscle to bone.

Synovial Joints

Joints that have a synovial cavity, allowing for a greater range of motion.

Flexion

A movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Extension

A movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

An energy source for living cells, produced by aerobic cellular respiration.

Skeletal Muscle

Muscle that attaches to and moves bones, characterized as striated and voluntary.

Cardiac Muscle

Muscle located in the heart, characterized as striated and involuntary.

Smooth Muscle

Muscle located in internal organs, characterized as non-striated and involuntary.

Excitability

The ability of muscle tissue to respond to stimuli by producing electrical signals.

Contractility

The ability of a muscle to shorten and thicken, generating force.

Tropomyosin

Regulatory protein that covers myosin binding sites on actin molecules when muscles are relaxed.