Unit 3 PCT

Nutrition

How the body uses food to maintain health.

Special diets

Diet prescribed for certain illnesses conditions or food allergies; also called therapeutic or modified diet.

Nutrient

A necessary substance that provides energy promotes growth and health and helps regulate metabolism

Dialysis

An artifical means of removing the bodies waste products when the kidneys are no longer able to function properly.

Puree

Blend or grind food into a thick paste or baby food consistency

Hydrate

To absorb enough water or other fluid

Intake/Input

The fluid a person consumes; also called intake

Output

Fluid that is eliminated from the body through urine ,feces, vomitus, perspiration, moisture that is exhaled in the air, and wound drainage.

Fluid Balance

Taking in and eliminating equal amounts of fluid.

Dehydration

A serious condition resulting fron an inadequate amount of fluid in the body.

Fluid Overload

Condition that occurs when the body cannot handle the amount of fluid consumed.

Edema

Swelling caused by excess fluid in body tissues.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing

Nasogastric (NG) Tube

A feeding tube that is inserted throught the nose into the stomach

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube

A feeding tube that is placed into the stomach throught the abdominal wall

Gastrostomy

A surgically created opening into the stomach that allows insertion of a tube

Parenteral Nutrition (PN)

The intravenous infusion of nutrients administered directly into the bloodstream bypassing the digestive system

Urinary Incontinence

The inability to control the bladder which leads to an involuntary loss of urine

Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

A bacterial infection of the urethra bladder ureter or kidney

Kidney Stones

Stones that form when urine crystallizes in the kidneys which can black the kidneys urters causing severe pain.

Renovascular Hypertension

A condition in which a blockage of arteries in the kidney causes high blood pressure

Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)

A condition that occurs when the kidney cannot eliminate certain waste products from the body.

Renal Cell Cancer

The rapid growth of abnormal cells in the kidney

Bladder Cancer

The rapid growth of abnormal cells in the bladder

Fracture Pan

A bedpan that is flater than a regular bedpan

Portable Commode

A chair with a toilet seat and a removable container undernearth

Straight Catheter

A type of urinary catheter that does not remain inside the person; removed immediately after urine is drained/collected

Indwelling Catheter

A type of catheter that remains inside the bladder for a period of time.

Condom Catheter

Type of urinary catheter that has an attachment on the end that fits onto the penis

Catheter- Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI)

An infection that occurs in the urethra bladder, ureter or kidney when bacteria travels up a catheter

Bladder Scanning

Placing a handheld Ultra-sound device on a patients abdomen to measure the amount of urine in a patients bladder.

Routine Urine Speciment

A urine speciemn that can be collected anytime a pateint voids.

Hat

A plastic collection container that can be inserted into a toilet bowel to collect and measure urine or stool

Clean-Catch Specimen

A urine specimen that does not include the first and last urine voided

24 - Hour Urine Specimen

Urine specimen consisting of all urine voided in a 24 hour period

Peristalsis

Involontary contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal system

Glucose

Natural sugar

Digestion

The process of preparing food physically and chemical so that is can be asborbed into the cell

Absorption

The transfer of nutrients from the intestines to the cells

Elimination

The process of expelling wastes (Made up of the waste products of food and fluids) that are not absobed into the cells

Fecal Incontinence

The inability to control the bowels leading to an involuntary passage of stool

Constipation

The inability to eliminate stool or the infrequent difficult and often painful elimination of hand dry stool

Enema

Specific amount of water with or without an additive that is introduced into the colon to stimulate the elimination of stool

Fecal Impaction

Hard stool that is stuck in the rectum and cannot be expelled

Hemorrhoids

An enlarged vein in the rectum or outside the anus that can cause rectal itching, burining, pain, and bleeding.

Diarrhea

The frequent elimination of liquid or semiliquid feces

Gastroesophagela Reflux Disease (GERD)

A chronic condition in which the liquid contents of the stomach back up into the esophagus

Heartburn

A condition that results from a weakning of the sphincter muscle that joins the esophagues and the stomach and causes a buring senastion in the esophagus

Ulceration

The process of eroding away

Peptic Ulcer

raw sore in the stomach caused by excessive acid secretion that causes pain, bleching and vomiting, also called a gastric ulcer

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS

A condition that causes diarrhea, constipation or both on a regular basis

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

A condition in which the bowel is chronically inflamed

Ulcerative Colitis

A chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine that causes cramping diarrhea, pain, rectal bleeding, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

Crohn’s Disease

An inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract but most commonly affect the small intestine

Stoma

An artifical opening in the body

Diverticulosis

A condition in which small puches called diverticula form in the colon

Diverticulitis

A condition that occurs when diverticular in the colon becomes inflamed causing fever abdominal pain tenderness nausea vomiting, and diarrhea

Colorectal Cancer

Cancer of gastraitestinal track; also known as colon cancer

Ostomy

Surgical creation of an opening from an area inside the body to the outside.

Ureterostomy

Surgically created opening from a ureter to the abdomen that allows urine to be eliminated.

Colostomy

Surgically created opening into the large intestine to allow stool to be expelled

IIeostomy

a surgical procedure that brings the end of the small intestine (ileum) through the abdominal wall to create an opening called a stoma for waste elimination