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alkali metals

are the Group 1A elements on the periodic table, known for their high reactivity and tendency to lose one electron to form positive ions.

alkaline earth metals

elements found in Group 2A of the periodic table

anion

A negatively charged ion.

atom

The smallest identifiable unit of an element.

atomic mass

A weighted average of the masses of each naturally occurring isotope of an element; atomic mass is the average mass of the atoms of an element.

atomic mass unit (amu)

defined as one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon atom containing six protons and six neutrons.

atomic number

is the number of protons in the nucleus of an element's atoms.

cation

A positively charged ion formed when an atom loses electrons.

charge

The electrical property of particles, such as ions, that causes them to attract or repel each other.

chemical symbol

A one or two-letter abbreviation representing an element.

electron

A subatomic particle with a negative charge, found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

family (of elements)

Elements with similar properties, found in vertical columns in the periodic table.

group (of elements)

Vertical columns in the periodic table where elements have similar outer electron configurations.

halogens

Group 7A elements, known for being very reactive nonmetals.

ion

An atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons. (baseclly can be a negative charge or a postive)

isotope

Variants of elements with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

main-group elements

Elements in groups 1A to 8A of the periodic table.

mass number(A)

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

metalloids

Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

metals

Elements that are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable.

neutron

A subatomic particle with no charge, found in the nucleus of an atom.

noble gases

Group 8A elements, known for being inert and nonreactive.

Nonmetals

Elements that are typically poor conductors and have varied appearances.

nuclear radiation

Emission of particles or energy from an unstable atomic nucleus.

Nuclear theory of the atom

The concept that an atom has a dense nucleus surrounded by electrons.

nucleus (of an atom)

The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.

percent natural abundance

The percentage of each isotope of an element in a natural sample.

periodic law

The principle that properties of elements recur periodically when arranged by atomic mass.

Proton

A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus.

radioactive

Describes elements or isotopes that emit nuclear radiation.

semiconductor

Materials that have conductivity between metals and insulators.

Transition elements

Elements in groups 3B to 2B, known for forming cations with various charges.

Transition metals

Metals found in the central block of the periodic table, known for their ability to form various ions.