bonding and structure

metals want to _____ electrons

non-metals want to ____ electrons

metals want to lose electrons to get pos charge

non-metals want to gain electrons to get neg charge

Ionic bond

the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

poly atomic ions

hydroxide

nitrate

carbonate

sulphate

ammonium

ionic compound structure

giant ionic lattice of negative and positive ions held together by electrostatic force of attraction

ionic compounds

1. MP and BP

2. Solubility

3. Electrical conductivity

1. high - electrostatic attraction is very strong , at room temp there is insufficient energy to overcome the attraction so ionic compounds are mostly solid at room temperatures - higher charge = higher attraction

2. ions must separate and force of attraction must be overcome - many dissolve in polar solvents (like water) - water molecules surround the lattice, if attraction between water molecules and ions is greater than between ions - substance will dissolve - higher charge = decr. solubility

3. to conduct electricity - charged particles that are free to move - ionic compound has charged particles but they are not free→ needs to be melted or dissolved

covalent bonding

covalent bonding is the string electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms