Hobbes' Political Philosophy and Forms of Government

A complete set of flashcards covering definitions of government, forms of government, Thomas Hobbes, the State of Nature, the Social Contract, and absolute monarchy based on the lecture notes.

What is a government according to the Hobbes Lecture 1 notes?

A system that creates and enforces rules on society, maintains order, and has authority over the people.

Why do people form governments according to the notes?

To keep society organized and protected.

What is a theocratic government as defined in the notes?

A state where religion runs the state and government makes rules based on religion.

How is an aristocratic government defined in the lecture?

A government ruled by a small group of wealthy and powerful people.

How do democratic and republic forms of government differ in the notes?

In a democratic government, the people have the power; in a republic, people elect representatives to govern for them.

What characterizes a communist government according to the notes?

The government controls major resources and property.

How are an oligarchy and a kleptocracy defined in the lecture?

An oligarchy is a country where the richest live, whereas a kleptocracy is a country where thieves live and the government steals from the country or people for their own benefit.

Why do so many different forms of government exist?

Because society has different beliefs, values, needs, and opinions, allowing people to live under a system that fits them best.

What trade-off is made by living in a society with a government?

Giving up some individual freedom in exchange for order, protection, and the benefits of living with a government.

What is the State of Nature according to the notes?

The state of human existence without a Sovereign (a head of State/government).

Who was Thomas Hobbes, and what are his life dates and famous work?

A 17th century English political philosopher born April 5th, 1588 and died December 4th, 1679, whose famous work is "The leviathan".

How did Hobbes view human nature?

He thought people were vain (cared about respect/status and how others saw them), arrogant, stupid, and easily influenced.

What are the 3 main reasons for conflict in a State of Nature according to Hobbes?

Competition (invading for gain), Diffidence (invading for safety), and Glory (invading for reputation).

How do humans know they want peace and how do they achieve it according to Hobbes Lecture 2?

By surrendering some of their rights and liberty to one who can force them to act in Harmony.

What is the Social Contract?

An agreement where people give up some freedom and follow government rules in exchange for protection and order.

What was Hobbes' preferred form of government and why?

Absolute Monarchy, because he believed society needed one strong, central authority to maintain order and prevent conflict.

What contrast is drawn between kings in absolute monarchies and regular presidents?

Kings try their best to keep their people happy because if not they get beheaded, while regular presidents just get voted out.

What was Hobbes' view on using God as an excuse to disobey the sovereign?

Hobbes believed people should not use God as an excuse to disobey the sovereign, calling it vile and unmanly.