Trident High School Year 9 & 10 Social Studies Exam Study Guide

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering spatial skills, Treaty of Waitangi history, social enterprise economics, and exam writing strategies for Year 9 and 10 Social Studies.

What is the proper method and format for reading 4-figure grid references?

Read the horizontal coordinate first (Easting / along the bottom axis), then the vertical coordinate second (Northing / up the side axis) using the format (XX, YY).

How do you convert metres to kilometres when calculating map distances?

Divide the number of metres by $1{,}000$ (for example, $5{,}000\,\text{m} = 5\,\text{km}$).

What three steps should be used when interpreting line graphs showing population or statistics over time?

1. Read axes carefully (identify what the y-axis and x-axis measure, including scale increments); 2. Identify trends (periods of steady growth, rapid increase, or decline); 3. Calculate differences (subtract earlier figures from later values).

How does the study guide distinguish between equity and equality in public spaces?

Equality means giving everyone the exact same thing, whereas equity involves distributing resources based on specific needs so everyone achieves fair outcomes by giving extra support to underserved or smaller communities.

What is the definition of "Inclusion" regarding public spaces?

Ensuring all groups in a community feel welcomed, respected, and able to access public spaces regardless of background, age, or culture.

What cultural significance do traditional Māori place names carry, and what is the impact of European renaming?

Traditional Māori place names store ancestral history, stories, and environmental relationships; European renaming can obscure these meanings, but surviving traditional names show shared knowledge, historical interaction, and cultural resilience.

How did the early Māori economy operate prior to 1840, and what demonstrated Mana Motuhake?

Hapū led a communal economy where they pooled labor and reinvested profits, demonstrating Mana Motuhake (self-determination) through owning flour mills and shipping fleets before European settlement increased land competition.

What is the core concept of the Treaty principle "Partnership," and what key distinction exists?

The Crown and Māori work together with good faith and mutual respect; the key distinction to revise is Kāwanatanga vs. Rangatiratanga, stemming from differences between the Te Reo Māori text and the English draft over governance and authority.

What does the Treaty principle of "Protection" require from the government?

Active government safeguarding of Māori rights, land, and taonga.

What is the core concept of the Treaty principle "Participation"?

Ensuring Māori have fair opportunities to engage in civic decisions.

What methods did Māori use to respond to ongoing land loss in historical protest movements?

Petitions, hīkoi, occupations, and political organizing.

What three fundamental analytical questions must be asked when evaluating land struggle case studies?

1. What was the original reason given for taking the land, and what was promised to original owners? 2. How were the principles of Partnership, Protection, and Participation upheld or breached? 3. What actions did local communities take to highlight their grievance and secure land return?

In economics, how is "Scarcity" defined?

The core economic problem of having limited resources available to meet unlimited human wants and needs.

What is the definition of "Opportunity Cost"?

The next best option given up whenever an economic decision or resource choice is made.

What is a "Social Enterprise"?

A business venture designed to solve a social or environmental issue, using revenue to sustain its mission rather than maximize private owner profit.

How does a Social Enterprise Model differ from a Commercial Business Model?

A social enterprise reinvests surplus revenue into social goals (such as affordable housing or youth mentoring) focusing on people and planet first, while a commercial business sells goods or services primarily to maximize financial profit for private owners or corporate shareholders.

What is the definition of "Hāpai Hapori"?

To support, uplift, and strengthen the local community.

What does the Māori value "Kaitiakitanga" mean?

Guardianship, protection, and responsible management of the natural environment for future generations.

What does the Māori value "Manaakitanga" mean?

Showing care, respect, hospitality, and generosity to uplift the dignity of others.

What does the Māori value "Whanaungatanga" mean?

Building strong relationships, family connections, and a deep sense of community belonging.

What is a "Target Market"?

The specific group of people or community members an enterprise aims to serve or support.

What is a "Prototype"?

A preliminary model or sample created to test an idea or product before final creation.

What three positions make up the values continuum when conducting stakeholder analysis?

STRONGLY SUPPORTS, NEUTRAL / MIXED, and STRONGLY OPPOSES.

What is the recommended 3-paragraph structure for the Social Enterprise writing prompt?

Paragraph 1 (Beginning): State the local Whakatāne problem caused by scarcity and introduce the idea. Paragraph 2 (Middle): Explain operations, revenue generation, and incorporated Māori values. Paragraph 3 (Ending): Summarize how the solution uplifts local whānau and provides long-term community benefits.

What is the required word count length for the Social Enterprise extended writing response?

$150\text{--}250$ words.

What evidence should be examined to evaluate an author's credibility when analyzing infographics and texts?

Citations, key sources, metric evidence, and clear explanations of environmental or social impacts.