CJ B2

T/F: All deviant behavior is a violation of the criminal law

False

Short Ans: A(n) ____ is tested by how well it describes and predicts reality

Theory

A violation of social norms defining appropriate or proper behavior under a particular set of circumstances is known as ____

Deviance

Theory testing usually involves the development of a(n) _____ based on what the theory predicts

hypothesis

a ______ is a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe explain predict and ultimately control some class of events

theory

Most crimes committed via the Internet are new forms of offending T/F

True

____ involves killing at least four victims at one location during one event

Mass Murder

The dark figure of crime refers to _____

crime that is not reported by the police

T/F: The clearance rate refers to the proportion of reported crimes that have been solved

True

______ involves any crime perpetrated through the use of computer technology

4, 5, 6, 8 // matching for chapter 2 full for UCR, NCVS, NIBRS

Uniform Crime Reporting System (UCR) is run by…

The FBI

T/F: The use of internet, email, and other electronic communication technologies to bully another person is known as cyberstalking

True

T/F: The elderly are more likely than younger people to be victim

True

____ involves the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft

Nonforcible with a victim under the age of consent is generally known as ___

statutory rape

Robbery

The unlawful taking or attempted taking of property by force or threat of force

Identity Theft

Obtaining credit, merchandise, or services, by fraudulent personal representation

Mass murder

Killing at least four victims at one location within one event

Stalking

Repeated harassing and threatening behavior y one invidiaul against another

Hate Crime

A crime motivated by personal bias or prejudice

Spree killing

Killings at least two separate locations with almost no time break between murders

White collar crime

Crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his or her occupation

Larceny

The unlawful taking or attempted taking of the property of another WITHOUT the use of force

Burglary

The unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony

T/F: According to the hierarchy rule, only one criminal offense per criminal incident is recorded in the UCR

True

The UCR Crime ____ allows researchers to compare crime rates over time

Report (check)

Crime Typology

a scheme to classify crimes along some particular dimension

T/F: According to the UCR/NIBRS program, larceny-theft is the most frequently reported major crime

True

The economic downturn led to in a significant increase in which type of crime?

Mortgage fraud scam (check)

Most rapes are committed by ____

an acquaintance of the victim

Which factor contributed to a dramatic increase in crime in the U.S in the 60’s-70’s

The baby boom

U.S involvement in WWII contributed to a significant _____ in crime in the US

decrease

Most researchers argue that the primary notice for rape is power thater than a desire for sexual gratification

True

What should we expect in the near future if

the ____ computers the number of reported or discovered crimes to the number of crimes solved through arrest or other means

clearance rate

____ armed robbery is committed through intimidation and does not involve the use of a weapon

strong-armed

Which of the following is a problem with the NVCS program?

Victims may invent criminalizations

Identity theft is a form of larceny

True

____ is the unlawful taking or attempted taking, carrying, leading, or diving away of property from another

Larceny/theft

T/F: the dark figure of crime refers to crime not reported to the police

true

Which of the following is a problem with the UCR program?

The UCR does not include info on the dark figure of crime

T/F Most hate crimes are motivated by racial bias

True

_____ murders involve the killing of at least four victims during one event and at one location

mass

clearances are mainly based on ______ rather than judicial disposition

arrests

for which of the following studies would you want to use the NIBRS rather than the UCR

study examining multiple crimes that occur within a single incident

shoulder surfing and dumpster diving are techniques used to commit which crime?

identify theft

which weapon is used most to commit murder

handgun

what is the most common reason rape victims don’t report their crime

embarrassment

what agency responsible for NIBRS

FBI

When are part II offenses counted?

when people are taken into custody

the most common motivation for a hate crime is ____ bias

racial

what is the main reason the crime index is no longer included in the UCR

larcenies overshadow the more serious crimes

T/F: in serial murder there’s more time in between killings

true

most hate crimes are motivated by

racial bias

if you are looking for national crime statistics and want data on all crimes reported you should use what>

UCR

the ____ compares the number of reported or discovered crimes to the number of crimes solved through arrest or other meeans

clearance rate

theory testing usuallyy involves the development of a(n) ____ based on the theory predicts

hypothesis

T/F: according to labeling theory, criminality is a quality that is inherent in an action or a person

False

Anomie theory

crime occurs when there is a disjunction between socially acceptable goals and means in society

Neutralization

offenders use various techniques to rationalized their criminal mechanism keeping their criminal behavior and shed feeling of guilt

Differentail association

crime is the product of socialization is is acquired by criminals according to the same principles that guide the learning of law-abiding behavior in conformists

social control theory

the bond between individual and society is the primary operative mechanism keeping individuals from engaging in crime

labeling theory

continued crime results from negative social reaction from those defined as offenders

subcultural theory

posits the existence of group values that support criminal behavior

containment theory

everyone is subjected to inducement to crime but factors such as social roles, conscience, and a positive self-image help prevent individuals from engaging in crime and deviance

T/F: adolescent-limited offenders continue to reoffend through life

False

Which approach to crime addresses the gender ratio problem?

biosocial theories

T/F: postmodern criminology is the newest perspectictive in criminology and was developed in the 21st century

False

sociological theories hat blame the social environment from crime argue that the way to prevent crime is through social action

True

____ theories emphasize the role learning in crime causation

social process

a ____ is a set of interrelated propositions that attempt to describe explain predict and ultimately control some class of events

theory

Mertons categories: Conformist

law abiding citizen

Merton category: ritualist

repetitive and mundane lifestyle

Merton categories: Retreatist

drug use and vagrancy

Marton category innovator

property and white collar crime

Marton category: rebel

political crime

what is the central defining characteristic of a psychopath

lack of empathy

a violation of social norms defining appropriate or proper behavior under a particular set of circumstances is known as

deviance

T/F: modern feminist criminology focuses on the link between victimization and criminality in women offenders

true

according to merton, innovators are most likely to be criminals

true

T/F: broken window theory is a perspective on crime causation that holds that the physical deterioration of an area leads to higher rates of crime and increased concerned for personal safety

true

____ is a theory of human behavior based on the writings of Sigmund freud, that sees personality as a complex composite of interacting mental entities

psychoanalysis

____ theory focuses on the strength of the bond people share with individuals and the institution around them

social control

____ is an 18th century approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility that emphasizes free will and reasonable punishment

the classical school

T/F: labeling theory specifically attempts to explain the origin of crime and deviance

false

T/F: feminist criminology is considered to be a deconstructionist theory

false

acceding to the Program of Research on the causes and correlates of delinquency, very young subject (3<) are most likely to be found on the ____ pathway of delinquency

authority conflict

____ is the process in which a person openly rejects something he or she wants but cannot obtain or achieve

reaction formation

T/F: all deviant behavior is a violation of criminal law

false

Which abnormal chromosomes structure Is associated with the concept of “supermale”

xyy

which of merinos categories would a law abiding citizen most likely fall into

conformist

which conflict theory is mainly deconstructionist

postmodern criminology

a psychological principal that holds that the frequency. of any behavior can be increadrh or decreased through reward punishment and association with other stimuli is ___

behavioral conditioning

according to routine activities theory, the presence of a capable guardian is a necessary element for a crime to occur

false

T/F: Psychopath is someone who is out of touch with reality in some fundamental way

false

t/f: peacemaking criminology emphasizes involving victims as well as offenders in criminal justice

true

42) __ criminology argues that the distribution of wealth and power in society is the primary cause of cirminal behavior

radical

43) ___ sociological approach that emphasizes dem. and geo. + explains criminality as product of societies impact on individual

Chicago School

t/f: radical criminology argues that the creation of a capitalist society is the only solution to the problem of crime

false