Biology 100 UNLV (Dr. Jef Jaeger) Exam 1 Study Guide

What is life?

there is no definitive answer

what are the 7 characteristics of a living organism?

1. adaptation and revolution

2. maintaining homeostasis

3.responds to the environment

4. the use of raw energy and material

5. grows and reproduce

6. composed of cells

7. contains nucleic acids, proteins, cards, and lipids

all cells come from where?

preexisting cells

define cells

smallest unit of life

define atoms

a unit of matter that cannot be Broken down further

define molecules

the smallest fundamental unit of chemical compounds

define unicellular

single cell

define multicellular

trillions of cells

define metabolism

all chemical reactions that occur within the cells of living things

Define homeostasis

Maintaining a stable internal environment

Define natural selection

organisms that inherit helpful traits to reproduce more successfully organisms

define adaptive traits

traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in its natural environment

Linnaean taxonomic system

From biggest to smallest: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species.

the analogy for Linnaean

Do

Kings

Play

Chess

On

Fine

Gold

Sand

the 3 domains in Linnaean Taxonomy

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryota

Why are viruses not alive?

no organelles

cannot make proteins

cannot reproduce on their own

What is the size of a virus?

1/100 the size of a bacterial cell

what is the domain of a brown bear?

Eukarya

what is the kingdom of a brown bear

anamalia

what is the phylum of a brown bear?

chordata

what is the class of a brown bear?

mammalia

what is the order of a brown bear?

carnivora

what is the family of the brown bear?

Ursidae

What is the genus of a brown bear?

Ursus

What is the species of a brown bear?

artos

what is the scientific name of the brown bear?

Ursus arctos

what is the domain of a human?

Eukarya

what is the kingdom of a human?

Animalia

what is the phylum of a human

Chordata

what is the class of a human?

Mammalia

what is the order of a human?

primate

what is the family of a human?

Hominidae (aka: great ape)

what is the genus of humans?

Homo

What is the species of the human?

sapiens

What is the scientific name of a human?

Homo sapien (aka: wise man)

what are the members of the hominidae

-mountain gorilla

-lowland gorilla

-chimpanzee (closest to human)

-Sumatran orangutan

-bonobo

-Bornean orangutan

define biology

The study of life

define hypothesis

a plausible explanation for a natural phenomena

Define theory

a collection of insights and supporting facts about a natural phenomena

the scientific method is based on what?

observations and measurments

define matter

physical substance that takes up space and has mass

what types of matter is there?

liquid

gas

solid

plama

define element

a form of matter containing only one kind of atom

what are protons

Positively charged particles

what are neutrons

Neutral charged particles

what are electrons

Negatively charged particles

which subatomic particles make up the nucleus

protons and neutrons

What does CHNOPS stand for?

Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, Sulfur

what is the number of elements important of life

25 elements

Where is the atomic number located?

at the top of the square

where is the atomic mass located

bottom of square

how do you figure the atomic mass

Protons + neutrons = atomic mass

atoms of a particular element all have the same number of protons but....

they can differ in the number of neutrons

name the 3 different carbons

carbon 12 (stable) - 0 extra neutrons

carbon 13 (semistable) - 1 extra neutron

carbon 14 (HIGHLY UNSTABLE - RADIOACTIVE) -2 extra neutrons

electrons orbit around where

the nucleus

the inner shell of an atom holds how many electrons

2 electrons

the outer shell of an atom holds how many electrons

8 electrons

Define valence electrons

electrons in the outermost shell

What are chemical bonds?

the attractive forces that hold atoms together

what is the chemical formula of glucose

C6 H12 O6

Define scientific method

a statement that is scientific if an objective method can be stated by which it can be disproven

what are other ways of perceiving the world

religious

aesthetic

ethical

define metaphysical

beyond physics

Define pseudoscience

false science

define covalent bonds

sharing of electrons between atoms

Which bond is the strongest?

covalent bond

define the law of conservation of energy/mass

something that is neither created of destroyed but rather transferred or shared

define ionic bonds

transfer of electrons between atoms

define ion

A charged atom

what bond is strong?

Ionic bond

define hydrogen bond

bonds between ALREADY covalently bonded hydrogen and an electronegative atom

define polarity

different areas of the molecule that have slightly different charges

Which bond is the weakest?

hydrogen bond

Is water polar or non-polar?

polar

Is methane polar or non-polar?

non-polar

define hydrophilic

water loving

Define hydrophobic

water hating

Is hydrophilic head polar or nonpolar?

polar

Is hydrophobic polar or non polar?

non-polar

what is an example of something that is hydrophilic?

salt or sugar

what is an example of something that is hydrophobic?

oil

vertebrate animals are how much percent of water?

70% - 80%

what are the unique properties of water?

solvent

cohesive

high heat capacity

high heat of evaporation

acids yield to what Ions?

Positively charged hydrogen Ions

bases accept what ions?

Positively charged hydrogen Ions

what is an example of a acid?

hydrogen chloride (HCl)

what is an example of a base?

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

define pH

measure of hydrogen ion concentration

What is the range of the pH scale?

0-14

What is 0 on the pH scale?

most acidic

what is 14 on the pH scale?

most basic

what is the measurements of a log scale

mole/liter

what is the most acidic?

battery acid (10^1)

what is the neutral acidic?

water

what is the least acidic?

liquid drain cleaner (10^-14)

define buffer

a substance that can prevent the pH from changing

simple sugar can also be called what?

glucose

the plasma membrane is what?

phospholipid

Name the biological molecules

carbohydrates

lipids

proteins

nucleic acids

carbon is important to life because

it is the backbone element of life